Nutritive elements of food.
Oakum, for bedding.

Observations, number required; to procure calculation of.

Occultations, telescopes for.

Oil (olive) to refine (see "Grease").

Ointment.

Opera glass as a night glass; supplies a burning lens; and
a lens to condense light.

Ophthalmia.

Organising an Expedition--Best size for party; servants'
engagement; women.

Osborn, Captain Sherard, R.N.

Ostrich eggs, to carry.

Oswell, Mr. W. C.

Otter; fishermen's board.

Outfit--Stores for general use; for individual use; presents
and articles for payment; summary; means of transport; Outfit of medicine;
Alpine gear; sewing materials.

Outline forms for calculations; for the log-book.

Outrigger, to balance canoes; irons for oars.

Ovampo camp-fires.

Ovens.

Owen, Professor.

Ox; for stalking; ox-gall.

Paces, length of; to measure rate of travel by.

Pack saddles; kegs for; art of packing.

Padlock to a buckled strap.

Palliasse.

Paint; to paint cattle; paint-brush.

Palanquin (see "Litter,").

Palisades.

Palliser, Captain J.

Pan-hunting.

Paper; warmth of, in coverlet.

Parbuckling.

Parchment.

Park, Mungo.

Parkyns, Mansfield, Mr.

Party, to organise (see Organising an Expedition).

Paste.

Patch to a water-bag.

Path, lost.

Patterans (gipsy marks by road).

Paunch of dead animal, water in.

Payment, articles of.

Peal, Mr.

Peat.

Pegs, tent; to secure tent ropes; for hooks.

Pemmican.

Pencils.

Pendulum.

Pens.

Percussion caps.

Pereira, Dr.

Picketting horses in sand.

Picture writing.

Pillow.

Pitch.

Pitching a tent.

Pitfall.

Pith for tinder; for hats.

Plaids in bivouac in heather; wetted, in wind.

Planks, to sew together (see Timber); plank-roads.

Poaching devices (see Game, Other Means, etc.).

Poison for beasts; for fish; for stakes in pitfalls; for
arrows; for bullets; snake bites; suspicion of poison;
poisonous plants; antedotes to poison.

Pole for tent; pole and bucket; pole star.

Poncho.

Portable food.

Porters for instruments; of provisions for depots.

Pottery--Glaze for; clay; pots for stores and caches; Pot for cooking;
to mend; substitute for; baking in; distilling from.

Powder (see "Gunpowder").

Prairie on fire.

Precautions against poison; malaria; unwholesome water; thieves.

Preparatory Inquiries--Qualifications for a traveller; dangers of
travel; advantages; to obtain information; conditions of failure
and success; the leader; servants.

Presents for savages.

Preserving food.

Pricker for gun-nipples.

Prisoners, to secure; punishment.

Pulley.

Pump.

Puna (effect of high mountain air).

Punishment.

Punt of hide; of tin.

Putrid water.

Pyrites.

Qualifications for a traveller.

Quicksilver, to harden lead.

Quills, to prepare; to carry letters; to hold minute specimens.

Quinine.

Radiation chill.

Rae, Dr.

Rafts and boats--Rafts of wood; of bamboo; Boating power of
woods; burning down trees; rafts of reeds; of hide;
of gourds (Makara); rude boats; sailing; log canoe; of
three planks; inflatable indi-rubber; of basket; of reed of
fibre; of hide; corracle and fibre; of hide; corracle and
skin punt; bark boat and canoe; tin boat; boats, well built,
of various materials; boating gear; boat building; boat
management; awning--(See also "Boats.").

Rain, to catch.

Ramrod; to replace; probing with, for water; broken ramrod
tubes.

Rank birds, to prepare for eating.

Rarefied air.

Rarey, Mr.

Rate of movement, to measure; of swimming; theory of load, and
rate of travel.

Rations; of water.

Raw meat; as an antiscorbutic.

Reconnoitring arid lands.

Reeds, for rafts; mats; huts and fences; to weave; for
pens; as a cache (see "Bamboo").

Reel, substitute for.

Reflectors, to light tinder; of sun for a signal.

Remedies.

Resin.

Retreat, hurried.

Richardson, Sir J.; Mr.

Rifle (see Guns and Rifles).

Right angle, to lay out.

Rings for saddle.

Rivers, to cross (see Fords and Bridges); their banks are bad roads.

Road, to mark; plank-road; lost road.

Rob Roy canoe.

Robbers (see "Thieves").

Robbiboo.

Rock, a reservoir of heat at night; magnetism of.

Rockets.

Roe of fish, as food.

Roofs.

Ropes, for descending cliffs; Alpine; of sheeting; of bark,
(see Cord, String, Thread); tying a prisooner.

Rudder.

Rumford, Count.

Running, with horses.

Rushes (see "Reeds"), for chairs.

Rust.

Sack (see "Rag").

Saddle; packsaddle; saddle as pillow; saddle bags; as
screens against wind.

Sails to raft; sail-tent.

Salt; given to cattle; salt-lick; salt meat; to
make; to salt hides; to prepare salt meat for cooking
(see "Sea-water").

Saltpetre; for gunpowder.

Sand, sleeping in; to pitch tents or picket horses in; ripple
marks on, give sign of direction; used in raising a sarcophagus.

Sarcophagus, raised by sand.

Savages, management of--General remarks; bush laws; to
enable a savage to keep count; drawing lots.

Saw mark.

Scarecvrow.

Scent of human touch.

Schlagintweit, H.

Science, preparatory information in.

Scorpion sting.

Scurvy.

Sea-birds, as food--Sea-water, wetting with, a remedy for thirst;
a remedy for damp through rain; to distill.

Seaweed as fuel; as food; as fodder; as string; to make gum;
its ashes.

Seeds wetted, expansive force of.

Sealing-wax varnish.

Seamanship.

Seasoning wood.

Sedlitz powders.

Servants.

Sewing.

Sextant, to learn the use of; glasses to re-silver.

Shavings for bedding.

Sheep; sheep dogs.

Sheets used as ropes.

Shelter from wind; from sky.

Shingle, bivouac on.

Shingles (wood tiles).

Shirt sleeves, how to tuck up; writing notes upon.

Shoes; of untanned leather, eatable; shoemakers' wax.

Shooting, hints on--How to load; shooting in water; night
shooting; battues to mark the beaters; scarecrows;
stalking horses; pan-hunting; the rush of an enraged animal;
hiding game; tying up the shooting horse; division of
game; duck shooting; crocodileshooting; tracks; carrying game;
setting a gun as a spring-gun; bow and arrows; knives; night-glass.

Shot; for defence.

Shutters of grass.

Sickness (see "Medicine").

Sickle, in cutting chaff.

Sights of a gun; to replace.

Signals--Flashing with flags; reflecting the sun with a
mirror; fire and smoke; other signals; letters carried by
animals.

Signets.

Sinew-thread.

Size, for paper.

Skins (see Leather), eatable when untanned; salting animals in their
own skins; baking them, ditto; boiling, ditto; skin
rafts; boats; water bags; lashings of raw hide; to
make glue.

Sky, shelter from.

Sledge.

Sleeping-bags--Knapsack bags; Arctic bags; peasants'
sack (see also).

Slippers.

Slugs (shot); to cast.

Smell of road; of water; of human touch; of a negro;
as an indication to stop.

Smith, Archibald, Mr.

Smith, Dr.

Smith's work.

Smoke signals; smoking skins;.

Snake bites; tree snakes in boating; poison for arrows.

Snards.

Snow, bivouac on; huts of; hearth on; filter for muddy
water; snow does not satisfy thirst; blindness and spectacles;
drifts to cross; ripple marks to steer by; snowy mountains,
to climb.

Soap.

Socks.

Solder for tin.

Soldering (lots).

Sore backs to horses.

Sound, velocity of; signals by.

Span, measure of length; of angles.

Sparks; to strike; to make a fire from; struck as a
signal; to show the road by night.

Spears, for fish; set over beast paths; trailed through grass
by savages; to straighten wood for.

Specific gravities of wood.

Spectacles for snow; for seeing under water.

Speke, Captain.

Spokeshave.

Sponge, lapping up water from puddles; dew from leaves.

Spontaneous combustion.

Spoons.

Spring gun; bow.

Springes.

Squaring (right angles to lay out).

Stalking-horses and screens; stalking game.

Stars for bearings.

Starving men.

Steels for flints; steel tools; cast steel;
case-hardening.

Sticks, small, for lighting fires; for fire by rubbing; for
tenting purposes and substitutes; to bend or straighten.

Still (distilling).

Sting of scorpions and wasps.

Stirrups.

Stitches.

Stockings.

Stones, heated, to make water boil; as weapons of defence; as
marks by roadside; to chisel marks upon.

Stool.

Stoppers.

Stores, lists of; store-keeping.

Strait-waistcoat.

Straw, to work; straw walls.

Stretchers.

String.

Strychnine.

Stuffy bedding.

Sturt, Captain.

Sulphur matches; for gun-powder.

Sunrise and sunset, diagram.

Sun signals; solar bearings.

Surveying Instruments.

Swag.

Swamps.

Swimming--Rate of swimming; learning to swim; to support
those who cannot swim; landing through breakers; floats;
African swimming ferry; swimming with parcels; with horses;
taking a wagon across a river; water spectaacles;--Swimming with
carcass of game; with sheath knife.

Swivels for tether ropes.

Sympathetic ink.

Syphons, to empty water vessels.

Tables and chairs.

Tables, of diet; of outfit; for rate of movement; of chords;
for triangulation by chords.

Tallow for candles (see "Grease").

Tanks for wagons.

Tar; tarpaulin; tarring wheels.

Tawing hides.

Taylor, Mr.

Tea, theory of making.

Temper, good.

Temper of steel, to reduce.

Tents--General remarks; materials for making them; large
tents; smalltents; pitching tents; tent poles; tying
things to them; to warm tents; permanent camp; to search
for things lost in the sand; precautions against thieves--Awning,
to litter; to boat; sail tent; tent and sleeping bag; gipsy tent.

Tethers.

Thatch.

Theory of finding a lost path; of fords; of fountains; of
loads and distances; of nutriment; of reconnoitring by help of
depots; of tea making.

Thiercelin, M.

Thieves, hedge round tent; tricks upon (see Hostilities).

Thirst (see Water for Drinking).

Thorn-wreath in noosing animals.

Thread.

Thumbs, to tie.