the Limpopo River to the point where the Marique River falls into it.
Thence up the course of the Marique River to 'Derde Poort,' where it
passes through a low range of hills, called Sikwane, a beacon (No.
10) being erected on the spur of said range near to, and westward of,
the banks of the river; thence, in a straight line, through this
beacon to a beacon (No. 9), erected on the top of the same range,
about 1,700 yards distant from beacon No. 10; thence, in a straight
line, to a beacon (No. 8) erected on the highest point of an isolated
hill, called Dikgagong, or 'Wildebeest Kop,' situated south-eastward
of, and about 3-1/3 miles distant from a high hill, called Moripe;
thence, in a straight line, to a beacon (No. 7) erected on the summit
of an isolated hill or 'koppie' forming the eastern extremity of the
range of hills called Moshweu, situated to the northward of, and
about two miles distant from, a large isolated hill called
Chukudu-Chochwa; thence, in a straight line, to a beacon (No. 6)
erected on the summit of a hill forming part of the same range,
Moshweu; thence, in a straight line, to a beacon (No. 5) erected on
the summit of a pointed hill in the same range; thence, in a straight
line, to a beacon (No. 4) erected on the summit of the western
extremity of the same range; thence, in a straight line, to a beacon
(No. 3) erected on the summit of the northern extremity of a low,
bushy hill, or 'koppie,' near to and eastward of the Notwane River;
thence, in a straight line, to the junction of the stream called
Metsi-Mashware with the Notwane River (No. 2); thence up the course
of the Notwane River to Sengoma, being the poort where the river
passes through the Dwarsberg range; thence, as described in the Award
given by Lieutenant-Governor Keate, dated October 17, 1871, by
Pitlanganyane (narrow place), Deboaganka or Schaapkuil, Sibatoul
(bare place), and Maclase, to Ramatlabama, a pool on a spruit north
of the Molopo River. From Ramatlabama the boundary shall run to the
summit of an isolated hill called Leganka; thence, in a straight
line, passing north-east of a Native Station, near 'Buurman's Drift,'
on the Molopo River, to that point on the road from Mosiega to the
old drift, where a road turns out through the Native Station to the
new drift below; thence to 'Buurman's Old Drift'; thence, in a
straight line, to a marked and isolated clump of trees near to and
north-west of the dwelling-house of C. Austin, a tenant on the farm
'Vleifontein,' No. 117; thence, in a straight line, to the
north-western corner beacon of the farm 'Mooimeisjesfontein,' No 30;
thence, along the western line of the said farm 'Mooimeisjesfontein,'
and in prolongation thereof, as far as the road leading from
'Ludik's Drift,' on the Molopo River, past the homestead of
'Mooimeisjesfontein,' towards the Salt Pans near Harts River; thence,
along the said road, crossing the direct road from Polfontein to
Sehuba, and until the direct road from Polfontein to Lotlakane or
Pietfontein is reached; thence, along the southern edge of the
last-named road towards Lotlakane, until the first garden ground of
that station is reached; thence, in a south-westerly direction,
skirting Lotlakane, so as to leave it and all its garden ground in
native territory, until the road from Lotlakane to Kunana is reached;
thence along the east side, and clear of that road towards Kunana,
until the garden grounds of that station are reached; thence,
skirting Kunana, so as to include it and all its garden ground, but
no more, in the Transvaal, until the road from Kunana to Mamusa is
reached; thence, along the eastern side and clear of the road towards
Mamusa, until a road turns out towards Taungs; thence, along the
eastern side and clear of the road towards Taungs, till the line of
the district known as 'Stellaland' is reached, about 11 miles from
Taungs; thence, along the line of the district Stellaland, to the
Harts River, about 24 miles below Mamusa; thence, across Harts River,
to the junction of the roads from Monthe and Phokwane; thence, along
the western side and clear of the nearest road towards 'Koppie
Enkel,' an isolated hill about 36 miles from Mamusa, and about 18
miles north of Christiana, and to the summit of the said hill;
thence, in a straight line, to that point on the north-east boundary
of Griqualand West as beaconed by Mr. Surveyor Ford, where two farms,
registered as Nos. 72 and 75, do meet, about midway between the Vaal
and Harts Rivers, measured along the said boundary of Griqualand
West; thence to the first point where the north-east boundary of
Griqualand West meets the Vaal River.

ARTICLE II.

The Government of the South African Republic will strictly adhere to
the boundaries defined in the first Article of this Convention, and
will do its utmost to prevent any of its inhabitants from making any
encroachments upon lands beyond the said boundaries. The Government
of the South African Republic will appoint Commissioners upon the
eastern and western borders, whose duty it will be strictly to guard
against irregularities and all trespassing over the boundaries. Her
Majesty's Government will if necessary appoint Commissioners in the
native territories outside the eastern and western borders of the
South African Republic to maintain order and prevent encroachments.

Her Majesty's Government and the Government of the South African
Republic will each appoint a person to proceed together to beacon off
the amended south-west boundary as described in Article I of this
Convention; and the President of the Orange Free State shall be
requested to appoint a referee to whom the said persons shall refer
any questions on which they may disagree respecting the
interpretation of the said Article, and the decision of such
referee thereon shall be final. The arrangement already made, under
the terms of Article 19 of the Convention of Pretoria, of the 3rd
August, 1881, between the owners of the farms Grootfontein and
Valleifontein on the one hand, and the Barolong authorities on the
other, by which a fair share of the water supply of the said farms
shall be allowed to flow undisturbed to the said Barolongs, shall
continue in force.

ARTICLE III.

If a British officer is appointed to reside at Pretoria or elsewhere
within the South African Republic to discharge functions analogous to
those of a Consular officer, he will receive the protection and
assistance of the Republic.

ARTICLE IV.

The South African Republic will conclude no treaty or engagement with
any State or nation other than the Orange Free State, nor with any
native tribe to the eastward or westward of the Republic, until the
same has been approved by Her Majesty the Queen.

Such approval shall be considered to have been granted if Her
Majesty's Government shall not, within six months after receiving a
copy of such treaty (which shall be delivered to them immediately
upon its completion), have notified that the conclusion of such
treaty is in conflict with the interests of Great Britain or of any
of Her Majesty's possessions in South Africa.

ARTICLE V.

The South African Republic will be liable for any balance which may
still remain due of the debts for which it was liable at the date of
Annexation--to wit, the Cape Commercial Bank Loan, the Railway Loan,
and the Orphan Chamber Debt--which debts will be a first charge upon
the revenues of the Republic. The South African Republic will
moreover be liable to her Majesty's Government for £250,000, which
will be a second charge upon the revenues of the Republic.

ARTICLE VI.

The debt due as aforesaid by the South African Republic to Her
Majesty's Government will bear interest at the rate of three and a
half per cent, from the date of the ratification of this Convention,
and shall be repayable by a payment for interest and Sinking Fund of
six pounds and ninepence per £100 per annum, which will extinguish
the debt in twenty-five years. The said payment of six pounds and
ninepence per £100 shall be payable half-yearly in British currency
at the close of each half-year from the date of such ratification:
Provided always that the South African Republic shall be at liberty
at the close of any half-year to pay off the whole or any portion of
the outstanding debt.

Interest at the rate of three and a half per cent, on the debt as
standing under the Convention of Pretoria shall as heretofore be paid
to the date of the ratification of this Convention.

ARTICLE VII.

All persons who held property in the Transvaal on the 8th day of
August 1881 and still hold the same, will continue to enjoy the
rights of property which they have enjoyed since the 12th April,
1877. No person who has remained loyal to Her Majesty during the
late hostilities shall suffer any molestation by reason of his
loyalty; or be liable to any criminal prosecution or civil action
for any part taken in connection with such hostilities; and all
such persons will have full liberty to reside in the country, with
enjoyment of all civil rights, and protection for their persons and
property.

ARTICLE VIII.

The South African Republic renews the declaration made in the Sand
River Convention, and in the Convention of Pretoria, that no slavery
or apprenticeship partaking of slavery will be tolerated by the
Government of the said Republic.

ARTICLE IX.

There will continue to be complete freedom of religion and protection
from molestation for all denominations, provided the same be not
inconsistent with morality and good order; and no disability shall
attach to any person in regard to rights of property by reason of the
religious opinions which he holds.

ARTICLE X.

The British Officer appointed to reside in the South African Republic
will receive every assistance from the Government of the said
Republic in making due provision for the proper care and preservation
of the graves of such of Her Majesty's Forces as have died in the
Transvaal; and, if need be, for the appropriation of land for the
purpose.

ARTICLE XI.

All grants or titles issued at any time by the Transvaal Government
in respect of land outside the boundary of the South African
Republic, as defined in Article I, shall be considered invalid and of
no effect, except in so far as any such grant or title relates to
land that falls within the boundary of the South African Republic;
and all persons holding any such grant so considered invalid and of
no effect will receive from the Government of the South African
Republic such compensation, either in land or in money, as the
Volksraad shall determine. In all cases in which any Native Chiefs or
other authorities outside the said boundaries have received any
adequate consideration from the Government of the South African
Republic for land excluded from the Transvaal by the first Article of
this Convention, or where permanent improvements have been made on
the land, the High Commissioner will recover from the native
authorities fair compensation for the loss of the land thus excluded,
or of the permanent improvements thereon.

ARTICLE XII.

The independence of the Swazis, within the boundary line of
Swaziland, as indicated in the first Article of this Convention, will
be fully recognized.

ARTICLE XIII.

Except in pursuance of any treaty or engagement made as provided in
Article 4 of this Convention, no other or higher duties shall be
imposed on the importation into the South African Republic of any
article coming from any part of Her Majesty's dominions than are or
may be imposed on the like article coming from any other place or
country; nor will any prohibition be maintained or imposed on the
importation into the South African Republic of any article coming
from any part of Her Majesty's dominions which shall not equally
extend to the like article coming from any other place or country.
And in like manner the same treatment shall be given to any article
coming to Great Britain from the South African Republic as to the
like article coming from any other place or country.

These provisions do not preclude the consideration of special
arrangements as to import duties and commercial relations between the
South African Republic and any of Her Majesty's colonies or
possessions.

ARTICLE XIV.

All persons, other than natives, conforming themselves to the laws of
the South African Republic _(a)_ will have full liberty, with their
families, to enter, travel, or reside in any part of the South
African Republic; _(b)_ they will be entitled to hire or possess
houses, manufactories, warehouses, shops, and premises; _(c)_ they
may carry on their commerce either in person or by any agents whom
they may think fit to employ; _(d)_ they will not be subject, in
respect of their persons or property, or in respect of their commerce
or industry, to any taxes, whether general or local, other than those
which are or may be imposed upon citizens of the said Republic.

ARTICLE XV.

All persons, other than natives, who established their domicile in
the Transvaal between the 12th day of April, 1877, and the 8th
August, 1881, and who within twelve months after such last-mentioned
date have had their names registered by the British Resident, shall
be exempt from all compulsory military service whatever.

ARTICLE XVI.

Provision shall hereafter be made by a separate instrument for the
mutual extradition of criminals, and also for the surrender of
deserters from Her Majesty's Forces.

ARTICLE XVII.

All debts contracted between the 12th April, 1877, and the 8th
August, 1881, will be payable in the same currency in which they may
have been contracted.

ARTICLE XVIII.

No grants of land which may have been made, and no transfers or
mortgages which may have been passed between the 12th April, 1877,
and the 8th August, 1881, will be invalidated by reason merely of
their having been made or passed between such dates.

All transfers to the British Secretary for Native Affairs in trust
for natives will remain in force, an officer of the South African
Republic taking the place of such Secretary for Native Affairs.

ARTICLE XIX.

The Government of the South African Republic will engage faithfully
to fulfil the assurances given, in accordance with the laws of the
South African Republic, to the natives at the Pretoria Pitso by the
Royal Commission in the presence of the Triumvirate and with their
entire assent, (1) as to the freedom of the natives to buy or
otherwise acquire land under certain conditions, (2) as to the
appointment of a commission to mark out native locations, (3) as to
the access of the natives to the courts of law, and (4) as to their
being allowed to move freely within the country, or to leave it for
any legal purpose, under a pass system.

ARTICLE XX.

This Convention will be ratified by a Volksraad of the South African
Republic within the period of six months after its execution, and in
default of such ratification this Convention shall be null and void.

Signed in duplicate in London this 27th day of February, 1884.


HERCULES ROBINSON.
S.J.P. KRUGER.
S.J. DU TOIT.
N.J. SMIT.




APPENDIX C.

PRESIDENT KRUGER'S AFFAIRS IN THE RAADS.

1889.

PRESIDENT.

_July_.--His Honour accepts a loan of £7,000 from the State funds at
2-1/2 per cent. interest (current rate being about 6 per cent.).

1890.

_July 4_.--The PRESIDENT said: Mr. Taljaard yesterday threw in my
teeth that I took advantage of my position to benefit my own
relations. I assure you that I have not done anything of the kind.
Unfortunately, one of my relatives who is a speculator has got a
concession, which I am in duty bound to carry out. But I am deeply
grieved that Mr. Taljaard said what he did say. In future, I can
assure you not a single member of my family shall receive a single
office. I will not even make one of them a constable. I have children
myself, but I have left them on the farm rather than put them in
office to draw money from the State.

1891.

_May_.--In answer to a request that President Kruger would allow his
name to be used as patron of a ball in honour of Her Majesty's
birthday:

SIR,

In reply to your favour of the 12th instant, requesting me to ask His
Honour the State President to consent to his name being used as a
patron of a ball to be given at Johannesburg on the 26th inst., I
have been instructed to inform you that His Honour considers a ball
as Baal's service, for which reason the Lord ordered Moses to kill
all offenders; and as it is therefore contrary to His Honour's
principles, His Honour cannot consent to the misuse of his name in
such connection.

I have, etc.,
F. ELOFF,
_Pr. Secretary._

1892.

FIRST RAAD.

PRESIDENT.

_May 24_.--It was resolved that a dam be constructed on the
President's farm 'Geduld' at a cost of £4,500, at the expense of the
Treasury.

SECOND RAAD.

The Public Works Department report that the road across the
President's farm 'Geduld,' estimated to cost £1,500, had actually
cost £5,000. Mr. MEYER stated that this road was of absolutely no use
to anyone but the owner of the farm!

FIRST RAAD.

_June 15_.--Letter from Mr. Mare, Deacon, on behalf of the United
Church, Pretoria, complaining that of the twelve erven given by
Government to the Church, they had been deprived of four, which had
been handed over to the President's Church, the Gerevoormede or
Dopper, and two of these had again been transferred to the President
himself.

_June 16_.--After a lengthy discussion it was resolved that the
President is entirely exonerated. The Raad further expressed its
disapproval of this conduct of a Christian Church, whose duty it
should be to foster Christian love, and set an example to the
burghers.

FIRST RAAD.

_August 2_.--A memorial was read from Lichtenburg, praying for a
stringent investigation into the Report of the Estimates Committee of
1890, in which it was stated that of £140,000 spent on the Pretoria
streets, vouchers for £22,000 were missing. The Raad decided on the
President's stating that nothing was wrong with the accounts to send
the memorialists a copy of the resolution of last year.

1893.

_July 17_.--The PRESIDENT said it was simply murdering the erection
of factories to say there should be no concessions. He denied that
factories could be erected without concessions. If the Raad wished to
throw out all concessions, well and good. That simply meant the
fostering of industries in other countries.

STANDS SCANDAL.{54}

_August 3_.--The PRESIDENT said that speculation, when fairly
conducted, was justifiable, and the Government had acted according to
the circumstances, and in the interests of the State. The Government
had no private interests in view, but thought the sale was quite
justifiable.

The Minister of Mines was then attacked for granting stands to Raad
officials when higher offers had been made.


Footnote for Appendix C

{54} By this name is known the series of transactions in which
Government land in Johannesburg was sold out of hand to certain
private individuals at a nominal figure, many thousands of pounds
below the then market value.




APPENDIX D.

VOLKSRAAD DEBATES.

_Extracts from the Published Reports._

1889.

_May 8_.--On the application of the Sheba G. M. Co. for permission to
erect an aërial tram from the mine to the mill,

Mr. GROBLAAR asked whether an aërial tram was a balloon or whether it
could fly through the air.

The only objection that the Chairman had to urge against granting the
tram was that the Company had an English name, and that with so many
Dutch ones available.

Mr. TALJAARD objected to the word 'participeeren' (participate) as
not being Dutch, and to him unintelligible: 'I can't believe the word
is Dutch; why have I never come across it in the Bible if it is?'

_June 18_.--On the application for a concession to treat tailings,

Mr. TALJAARD wished to know if the words 'pyrites' and 'concentrates'
could not be translated into the Dutch language. He could not
understand what it meant. He had gone to night-school as long as he
had been in Pretoria, and even now he could not explain everything to
his burghers. He thought it a shame that big hills should be made on
ground under which there might be rich reefs, and which in future
might be required for a market or outspan. He would support the
recommendation on condition that the name of the quartz should be
translated into Dutch, as there might be more in this than some of
them imagined.

REDUCTION OF IMPORT DUTIES ON EATABLES.

_June 20_.--Mr. WOLMARANS said the diggers simply did not want to buy
from the Boers; there was plenty of meat and bread in the land, and
the Boers could not get good prices for their cattle.

Mr. VAN HEERDEN could not see how the inhabitants of the State would
benefit in the least by lowering the tariff.

Messrs. LOMBAARD and WOLMARANS both declared that when duties were at
their highest groceries etc. were at their cheapest.

Mr. TALJAARD thought that members who were in favour of lowering the
tariff did not act for the benefit of the country.

1890.

_May 29_.--A discussion of considerable length took place on a
petition from burghers of Gatsrand, Potchefstroom district, praying
that at least two-thirds of the Government money now lying idle in
the banks should be given out to agriculturists as loans, and the
remainder for other purposes.

_July 2_.--His Honour was asked why he did not suppress all
sweepstakes and races.

The PRESIDENT said gambling and lotteries were in conflict with the
Word of God, but it was also the duty of man to have exercise and to
exercise his horses. For that reason an exception had been made in
the Bill as to horse-races, etc.

INCREASE OF OFFICIALS' SALARIES.

_July 7_.--The PRESIDENT supported the increase. He promised the
Raad--and he had done this before--that whenever there was a falling
off in the revenue, he would at once reduce the salaries. He had said
this before, and if members did not believe him let them call him a
liar at once.

1891.

SECOND RAAD.

_June 5_.--Mr. ESSELEN objected to minutes not being full enough.

Mr. TALJAARD accused Mr. Esselen of insulting the Raad.

A discussion ensued on minutes, in which certain proposals which had
been rejected had not been incorporated. Several members said that
the incorporation of proposals that had been rejected would entail
some members being held up to the scorn of the public.

ESTIMATES.

_June 24_.--Two hundred vouchers were found to be missing from the
yearly accounts, and no explanation could be given. Also £13,000 had
been given on loan to the Boeren Winkel (Boer General Store--a
private mercantile venture).

_July 27_.--Mr. MARE maintained that the Public Works were badly
administered.

The PRESIDENT dashed down the papers in front of him and stalked out
of the Raad, after emphatically denying that money had been wasted.

_July 27_.--At the debate on the question of appointing a State
financier, who could among other things be held responsible for the
disappearance of vouchers, the Auditor-General said that he did not
want an official of that nature, who would be always snivelling about
his books.

CLAUSE TWENTY-THREE OF THE GOLD LAW.

_August 5_.--The PRESIDENT said that owners of properties had quite
sufficient privileges already, and he did not want to give them more.

Mr. LOMBAARD said the Gold Fields wanted too much. The revenue from
the Gold Fields was already less than the expenditure. He was of
opinion that the best course would be to let the Gold Fields go to
the devil and look after themselves.

1892

SECOND RAAD.

_May 6._--Protracted discussion arose on the Postal Report, the
Conservatives being opposed to erecting pillar-boxes in Pretoria on
the ground that they were extravagant and effeminate.

OOM DYLE (Mr. TALJAARD) said that he could not see why people wanted
to be always writing letters. He wrote none himself. In the days of
his youth he had written a letter, and had not been afraid to travel
fifty miles and more on horseback and by wagon to post it; and now
people complained if they had to go one mile.

FIRST RAAD.

_May 21_.--On the question of abolishing the post of Minute-Keeper to
the Executive the President fell into a passion with Mr. Loveday who
thought a Minute-Keeper unnecessary, and left the Raad in a temper.

_June 13_.--The PRESIDENT said the reason why he did not subsidize
some papers by giving them advertisements was that they did not
defend the Government. It was the rule everywhere to give
advertisements to papers which supported the Government.

PRESIDENT AND GENERAL.

_July 21_.--General JOUBERT tenders his resignation as Chairman of
the Chicago Exhibition Committee. He had written again and again to
the President and State Secretary for an intimation of the
Government's intention with regard to the amount on the Estimates,
but his communications were treated with silent contempt.

The PRESIDENT made a long speech, in which he said he felt great
grief at being thus falsely charged by the General, who was also a
member of the Executive. Still he would only bless those who
spitefully used him and would not blacken the General.

SECOND RAAD.

_July 21_.--After the resolution had been taken on Mr. Van Niekerk's
proposition regarding compensation for claims not yet worked out
(Clause 60 of Gold Law), the PRESIDENT was still speaking, and
objecting to the recording of Van Niekerk's objection to the passing
of the Gold Law Clause Amendment, when Mr. ESSELEN called 'Order,
Order!' several times.

The PRESIDENT said he was insulted by Mr. Esselen and would withdraw
unless he apologized.

The Raad adjourned, as Mr. Esselen refused.

FIRST RAAD.

LOCUST EXTERMINATION.

_July 21_.--Mr. Roos said locusts were a plague, as in the days of
King Pharaoh, sent by God, and the country would assuredly be loaded
with shame and obloquy if it tried to raise its hand against the
mighty hand of the Almighty.

Messrs. DECLERQ and STEENKAMP spoke in the same strain, quoting
largely from the Scriptures.

The CHAIRMAN related a true story of a man whose farm was always
spared by the locusts, until one day he caused some to be killed. His
farm was then devastated.

Mr. STOOP conjured the members not to constitute themselves
terrestrial gods and oppose the Almighty.

Mr. LUCAS MEYER raised a storm by ridiculing the arguments of the
former speakers, and comparing the locusts to beasts of prey which
they destroyed.

Mr. LABUSCHAGNE was violent. He said the locusts were quite different
from beasts of prey. They were a special plague sent by God for their
sinfulness.

_July 26_.--Mr. DE BEER attacking the railways said they were already
beginning to eat the bitter fruits of them. He was thinking of
trekking to Damaraland, and his children would trek still further
into the wilderness out of the reach of the iron horse.

_August 16_.--Mr. DE BEER said he saw where all the opposition to
duties came from. It was English blood boiling to protect English
manufacture.

1893.

_June 21_.--A memorial was read from certain burghers of Waterberg
about children beating their parents, and praying that such children
should not be allowed to become officials of the State or sit in
Volksraad!

Mr. DE BEER--the Member for Waterberg--who in the days of his hot
youth is said to have given his father a sound thrashing, and is the
one aimed at by the memorialists, denied all knowledge of the
memorial.

CHARLESTOWN EXTENSION.

_August 24_.--Mr. WOLMARANS opposed the line, as it would compete
with the Delagoa Bay Railway, for which the State was responsible.

Mr. LE CLERQ maintained that the Cape Free State line was against the
interests of the burghers, as a tremendous number of cattle were
brought into the State from outside countries.

Mr. MALAN said he would never vote for this line.

Mr. ROOS referred to the sacred voice of the people, which he said
was against railways.

The extension was eventually approved of.