of the Reformers giving evidence before the Industrial Commission,
which so strongly justified their case. The Peace Negotiations with
the Capitalists were opened by Mr. Lippert upon the anniversary of
Majuba. The Bloemfontein Conference was opened upon the Reformers'
emancipation day, the expiry of the three years' silence. That his
Honour really attaches importance to these things was shown when over
two hundred ministers representing the Dutch Reformed Church in the
Transvaal met in Pretoria to urge upon him the suppression of the
Illicit Liquor trade. In all innocence they had chosen May 24 on
which to present their address. Their astonishment was great when Mr.
Kruger, passing lightly by the liquor question, gave the assembled
pastors a thorough wigging for finding fault with his administration
at all, but chiefly for their unpatriotic conduct in selecting the
Queen's birthday of all days on which to expose internal differences
in their country.

{50} In addressing a meeting of burghers in Heidelburg three months
later the President showed to what lengths he was prepared to go in
defending the monopoly when in reply to a question he denied that any
such offer had been received '_by the Executive.'_ The explanation,
which he did not give, is that the _Government, i.e.,_ the President
and State Secretary, had received it--and withheld it from the
Executive!

{51} In March the writer made the suggestion to a representative of
the Pretoria Government in the hope of getting rid by a 'square talk'
of the many and ever-increasing differences, and was informed that
the idea had often been discussed and as often abandoned, because it
contained the objectionable feature of establishing a precedent for
England's interference in internal affairs.

{52} When on a visit to Cape Town in April, the writer called
several times upon the High Commissioner, and learning by private
advice that his movements were being reported in detail through the
Secret Service Department, he informed Sir Alfred Milner of the fact.
Sir Alfred admitted that the idea of secret agents in British
territory and spies round or in Government House was not pleasant,
but expressed the hope that such things should not deter those who
wished to call on him, as he was there as the representative of her
Majesty for the benefit of British subjects and very desirous of
ascertaining for himself the facts of the case.

{53} Since this was written, Mr. Chamberlain, speaking in the House
of Commons on July 28, 1899, has thus disposed of the question:--

'It has been broken in the spirit more than it has been broken in the
letter. The whole spirit of the convention is the preservation of
equality as between all the white inhabitants of the Transvaal, and
the whole policy of the Transvaal has been to promote a position of
inferiority on the part of certain classes. There is something even
more striking than that. The conventions were, of course, the result
of a previous conference. At that conference definite promises were
made which made it impossible to doubt with what object the
convention was signed. On May 10, 1881, at a conference between
representatives of her Majesty and representatives of the Transvaal
the President, Sir Hercules Robinson, asked this question:--

'"Before annexation had British subjects complete freedom of trade
throughout the Transvaal? Were they on the same footing as citizens
of the Transvaal?

'"Mr. Kruger replied: They were on the same footing as the burghers.
There was not the slightest difference in accordance with the Sand
River Convention.

'"Sir Hercules Robinson: I presume you will not object to that
continuing?

'"Mr. Kruger: No. There will be equal protection for everybody.

'"Sir Evelyn Wood: And equal privileges.

'"Mr. Kruger: We make no difference so far as burgher rights are
concerned. There may, perhaps, be some slight difference in the case
of a young person who has just come into the country."

(Cheers.) 'Now, there is a distinct promise given by the man who is
now President of the Transvaal State that, so far as burgher rights
were concerned, they made and would make no difference whatever
between burghers and those who came in. The root of the difficulty
which I have been describing lies in the fact that this promise has
not been kept.'





APPENDICES.




APPENDIX A.

PRETORIA CONVENTION.

CONVENTION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF THE TRANSVAAL TERRITORY.

_August, 1881._

PREAMBLE.

Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Settlement of the Transvaal
territory, duly appointed as such by a Commission passed under the
Royal Sign Manual and Signet, bearing date the 5th of April, 1881, do
hereby undertake and guarantee on behalf of Her Majesty that, from
and after the 8th day of August, 1881, complete self-government,
subject to the suzerainty of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors,
will be accorded to the inhabitants of the Transvaal territory, upon
the following terms and conditions, and subject to the following
reservations and limitations:--

ARTICLE I.

The said territory, to be hereinafter called the Transvaal State,
will embrace the land lying between the following boundaries, to wit:
[here follow three pages in print defining boundaries.]

ARTICLE II.

Her Majesty reserves to herself, her heirs and successors, (_a_) the
right from time to time to appoint a British Resident in and for the
said State, with such duties and functions as are hereinafter
defined; (_b_) the right to move troops through the said State in
time of war, or in case of the apprehension of immediate war between
the Suzerain Power and any Foreign State or Native tribe in South
Africa; and (_c_) the control of the external relations of the said
State, including the conclusion of treaties and the conduct of
diplomatic intercourse with Foreign Powers, such intercourse to be
carried on through Her Majesty's diplomatic and consular officers
abroad.

ARTICLE III.

Until altered by the Volksraad, or other competent authority, all
laws, whether passed before or after the annexation of the Transvaal
territory to Her Majesty's dominions, shall, except in so far as they
are inconsistent with or repugnant to the provisions of this
Convention, be and remain in force in the said State in so far as
they shall be applicable thereto, provided that no future
enactment especially affecting the interest of natives shall have
any force or effect in the said State, without the consent of Her
Majesty, her heirs and successors, first had and obtained and
signified to the Government of the said State through the British
Resident, provided further that in no case will the repeal or
amendment of any laws enacted since the annexation have a
retrospective effect, so as to invalidate any acts done or
liabilities incurred by virtue of such laws.

ARTICLE IV.

On the 8th day of August, 1881, the Government of the said State,
together with all rights and obligations thereto appertaining, and
all State property taken over at the time of annexation, save and
except munitions of war, will be handed over to Messrs. Stephanus
Johannes Paulus Kruger, Martinus Wessel Pretorius, and Petrus Jacobus
Joubert, or the survivor or survivors of them, who will forthwith
cause a Volksraad to be elected and convened, and the Volksraad, thus
elected and convened, will decide as to the further administration of
the Government of the said State.

ARTICLE V.

All sentences passed upon persons who may be convicted of offences
contrary to the rules of civilized warfare committed during the
recent hostilities will be duly carried out, and no alteration or
mitigation of such sentences will be made or allowed by the
Government of the Transvaal State without Her Majesty's consent
conveyed through the British Resident. In case there shall be any
prisoners in any of the gaols of the Transvaal State whose respective
sentences of imprisonment have been remitted in part by Her Majesty's
Administrator or other officer administering the Government, such
remission will be recognized and acted upon by the future Government
of the said State.

ARTICLE VI.

Her Majesty's Government will make due compensation for all losses or
damage sustained by reason of such acts as are in the 8th Article
hereinafter specified, which may have been committed by Her Majesty's
forces during the recent hostilities, except for such losses or
damage as may already have been compensated for, and the Government
of the Transvaal State will make due compensation for all losses or
damage sustained by reason of such acts as are in the 8th Article
hereinafter specified which may have been committed by the people who
were in arms against Her Majesty during the recent hostilities,
except for such losses or damages as may already have been
compensated for.

ARTICLE VII.

The decision of all claims for compensation, as in the last preceding
Article mentioned, will be referred to a Sub-Commission, consisting
of the Honourable George Hudson, the Honourable Jacobus Petrus de
Wet, and the Honourable John Gilbert Kotzé. In case one or more of
such Sub-Commissioners shall be unable or unwilling to act, the
remaining Sub-Commissioner or Sub-Commissioners will, after
consultation with the Government of the Transvaal State, submit for
the approval of Her Majesty's High Commissioners the names of one or
more persons to be appointed by them to fill the place or places thus
vacated. The decision of the said Sub-Commissioners, or of a majority
of them, will be final. The said Sub-Commissioners will enter upon
and perform their duties with all convenient speed. They will, before
taking evidence or ordering evidence to be taken in respect of any
claim, decide whether such claim can be entertained at all under the
rules laid down in the next succeeding Article. In regard to claims
which can be so entertained, the Sub-Commissioners will in the first
instance afford every facility for an amicable arrangement as to the
amount payable in respect of any claim, and only in cases in which
there is no reasonable ground for believing that an immediate
amicable arrangement can be arrived at will they take evidence or
order evidence to be taken. For the purpose of taking evidence and
reporting thereon, the Sub-Commissioners may appoint Deputies, who
will, without delay, submit records of the evidence and their reports
to the Sub-Commissioners. The Sub-Commissioners will arrange their
sittings and the sittings of their Deputies in such a manner as to
afford the earliest convenience to the parties concerned and their
witnesses. In no case will costs be allowed to either side other than
the actual and reasonable expenses of witnesses whose evidence is
certified by the Sub-Commissioners to have been necessary. Interest
will not run on the amount of any claim, except as is hereinafter
provided for. The said Sub-Commissioners will forthwith, after
deciding upon any claim, announce their decision to the Government
against which the award is made and to the claimant. The amount of
remuneration payable to the Sub-Commissioners and their Deputies will
be determined by the High Commissioners. After all the claims have
been decided upon, the British Government and the Government of
the Transvaal State will pay proportionate shares of the said
remuneration and of the expenses of the Sub-Commissioners and their
Deputies, according to the amount awarded against them respectively.

ARTICLE VIII.

For the purpose of distinguishing claims to be accepted from those to
be rejected, the Sub-Commissioners will be guided by the following
rules, viz.:--Compensation will be allowed for losses or damage
sustained by reason of the following acts committed during the recent
hostilities, viz.: _(a)_ commandeering, seizure, confiscation, or
destruction of property, or damage done to property; _(b)_ violence
done or threats used by persons in arms. In regard to acts under
_(a)_, compensation will be allowed for direct losses only. In regard
to acts falling under _(b)_, compensation will be allowed for actual
losses of property, or actual injury to the same proved to have been
caused by its enforced abandonment. No claims for indirect losses,
except such as are in this Article especially provided for, will be
entertained. No claims which have been handed in to the Secretary of
the Royal Commission after the 1st day of July, 1881, will be
entertained, unless the Sub-Commissioners shall be satisfied that
the delay was reasonable. When claims for loss of property are
considered, the Sub-Commissioners will require distinct proof of the
existence of the property, and that it neither has reverted nor will
revert to the claimant.

ARTICLE IX.

The Government of the Transvaal State will pay and satisfy the amount
of every claim awarded against it within one month after the
Sub-Commissioners shall have notified their decision to the said
Government, and in default of such payment the said Government will
pay interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum from the date of
such default; but Her Majesty's Government may at any time before
such payment pay the amount, with interest, if any, to the claimant
in satisfaction of his claim, and may add the sum thus paid to any
debt which may be due by the Transvaal State to Her Majesty's
Government, as hereinafter provided for.

ARTICLE X.

The Transvaal State will be liable for the balance of the debts for
which the South African Republic was liable at the date of
annexation, to wit, the sum of £48,000 in respect of the Cape
Commercial Bank Loan, and £85,667 in respect of the Railway Loan,
together with the amount due on 8th August, 1881, on account of the
Orphan Chamber Debt, which now stands at £22,200, which debts will be
a first charge upon the revenues of the State. The Transvaal State
will, moreover, be liable for the lawful expenditure lawfully
incurred for the necessary expenses of the Province since the
annexation, to wit, the sum of £265,000, which debt, together with
such debts as may be incurred by virtue of the 9th Article, will be a
second charge upon the revenues of the State.

ARTICLE XI.

The debts due as aforesaid by the Transvaal State to Her Majesty's
Government will bear interest at the rate of three and a half per
cent., and any portion of such debt which may remain unpaid at the
expiration of twelve months from the 8th August, 1881, shall be
repayable by a payment for interest and sinking fund of six pounds
and nine pence per cent, per annum, which will extinguish the debt in
twenty-live years. The said payment of six pounds and nine pence per
£100 shall be payable half yearly in British currency on the 8th
February and 8th August in each year. Provided always that the
Transvaal State shall pay in reduction of the said debt the sum of
£100,000 within twelve months of the 8th August, 1881, and shall be
at liberty at the close of any half-year to pay off the whole or any
portion of the outstanding debt.

ARTICLE XII.

All persons holding property in the said State on the 8th day of
August, 1881, will continue after the said date to enjoy the rights
of property which they have enjoyed since the annexation. No person
who has remained loyal to Her Majesty during the recent hostilities
shall suffer any molestation by reason of his loyalty, or be liable
to any criminal prosecution or civil action for any part taken in
connection with such hostilities, and all such persons will have full
liberty to reside in the country, with enjoyment of all civil rights,
and protection for their persons and property.

ARTICLE XIII.

Natives will be allowed to acquire land, but the grant or transfer of
such land will, in every case, be made to and registered in the name
of the Native Location Commission, hereinafter mentioned, in trust
for such natives.

ARTICLE XIV.

Natives will be allowed to move as freely within the country as may
be consistent with the requirements of public order, and to leave it
for the purpose of seeking employment elsewhere or for other lawful
purposes, subject always to the pass laws of the said State, as
amended by the Legislature of the Province, or as may hereafter be
enacted under the provisions of the Third Article of this Convention.

ARTICLE XV.

There will continue to be complete freedom of religion and protection
from molestation for all denominations, provided the same be not
inconsistent with morality and good order, and no disability shall
attach to any person in regard to rights of property by reason of the
religious opinions which he holds.

ARTICLE XVI.

The provisions of the Fourth Article of the Sand River Convention are
hereby reaffirmed, and no slavery or apprenticeship partaking of
slavery will be tolerated by the Government of the said State.

ARTICLE XVII.

The British Resident will receive from the Government of the
Transvaal State such assistance and support as can by law be given to
him for the due discharge of his functions; he will also receive
every assistance for the proper care and preservation of the graves
of such of Her Majesty's forces as have died in the Transvaal, and if
need be for the expropriation of land for the purpose.

ARTICLE XVIII.

The following will be the duties and functions of the British
Resident:

_Sub-section_ 1.--He will perform duties and functions analogous to
those discharged by a Chargé d'Affaires and Consul-General.

_Sub-section_ 2.--In regard to natives within the Transvaal State, he
will (_a_) report to the High Commissioner, as representative of the
Suzerain, as to the working and observance of the provisions of this
Convention; (_b_) report to the Transvaal authorities any cases of
ill-treatment of natives or attempts to incite natives to rebellion
that may come to his knowledge; (_c_) use his influence with the
natives in favour of law and order; and (_d_) generally perform such
other duties as are by this Convention entrusted to him, and take
such steps for the protection of the person and property of natives
as are consistent with the laws of the land.

_Sub-section_ 3.--In regard to natives not residing in the Transvaal,
(_a_) he will report to the High Commissioner and the Transvaal
Government any encroachments reported to him as having been made by
Transvaal residents upon the land of such natives, and in case of
disagreement between the Transvaal Government and the British
Resident as to whether an encroachment had been made, the decision of
the Suzerain will be final (_b_) the British Resident will be the
medium of communication with native chiefs outside the Transvaal,
and, subject to the approval of the High Commissioner, as
representing the Suzerain, he will control the conclusion of treaties
with them; and (_c_) he will arbitrate upon every dispute between
Transvaal residents and natives outside the Transvaal (us to acts
committed beyond the boundaries of the Transvaal) which may be
referred to him by the parties interested.

_Sub-section_ 4.--In regard to communications with foreign Powers,
the Transvaal Government will correspond with Her Majesty's
Government through the British Resident and the High Commissioner.

ARTICLE XIX.

The Government of the Transvaal State will strictly adhere to the
boundaries defined in the First Article of this Convention, and will
do its utmost to prevent any of its inhabitants from making any
encroachment upon lands beyond the said State. The Royal Commission
will forthwith appoint a person who will beacon off the boundary line
between Ramatlabama and the point where such line first touches
Griqualand West boundary, midway between the Vaal and Hart rivers;
the person so appointed will be instructed to make an arrangement
between the owners of the farms Grootfontein and Valleifontein on the
one hand, and the Barolong authorities on the other, by which a fair
share of the water supply of the said farms shall be allowed to flow
undisturbed to the said Barolongs.

ARTICLE XX.

All grants or titles issued at any time by the Transvaal Government
in respect of land outside the boundary of Transvaal State, as
defined, Article I., shall be considered invalid and of no effect,
except in so far as any such grant or title relates to land that
falls within the boundary of the Transvaal State, and all persons
holding any such grant so considered invalid and of no effect will
receive from the Government of the Transvaal State such compensation
either in land or in money as the Volksraad shall determine. In all
cases in which any native chiefs or other authorities outside the
said boundaries have received any adequate consideration from the
Government of the former South African Republic for land excluded
from the Transvaal by the First Article of this Convention, or where
permanent improvements have been made on the land, the British
Resident will, subject to the approval of the High Commissioner, use
his influence to recover from the native authorities fair
compensation for the loss of the land thus excluded, and of the
permanent improvement thereon.

ARTICLE XXI.

Forthwith, after the taking effect of this Convention, a Native
Location Commission will be constituted, consisting of the President,
or in his absence the Vice-President of the State, or some one
deputed by him, the Resident, or some one deputed by him, and a third
person to be agreed upon by the President or the Vice-President, as
the case may be, and the Resident, and such Commission will be a
standing body for the performance of the duties hereinafter
mentioned.

ARTICLE XXII.

The Native Location Commission will reserve to the native tribes of
the State such locations as they may be fairly and equitably entitled
to, due regard being had to the actual occupation of such tribes. The
Native Location Commission will clearly define the boundaries of such
locations, and for that purpose will, in every instance, first of all
ascertain the wishes of the parties interested in such land. In case
land already granted in individual titles shall be required for the
purpose of any location, the owners will receive such compensation
either in other land or in money as the Volksraad shall determine.
After the boundaries of any location have been fixed, no fresh grant
of land within such location will be made, nor will the boundaries be
altered without the consent of the Location Commission. No fresh
grants of land will be made in the districts of Waterberg,
Zoutpansberg, and Lydenburg until the locations in the said districts
respectively shall have been defined by the said Commission.

ARTICLE XXIII.

If not released before the taking effect of this Convention,
Sikukuni, and those of his followers who have been imprisoned with
him, will be forthwith released, and the boundaries of his location
will be defined by the Native Location Commission in the manner
indicated in the last preceding Article.

ARTICLE XXIV.

The independence of the Swazies within the boundary line of
Swaziland, as indicated in the First Article of this Convention, will
be fully recognized.

ARTICLE XXV.

No other or higher duties will be imposed on the importation into the
Transvaal State of any article the produce or manufacture of the
dominions and possessions of Her Majesty, from whatever place
arriving, than are or may be payable on the like article the produce
or manufacture of any other country, nor will any prohibition be
maintained or imposed on the importation of any article the produce
or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of Her Majesty, which
shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles
being the produce or manufacture of any other country.

ARTICLE XXVI.

All persons other than natives conforming themselves to the laws of
the Transvaal State (_a_) will have full liberty with their families
to enter, travel, or reside in any part of the Transvaal State; (_b_)
they will be entitled to hire or possess houses, manufactures,
warehouses, shops, and premises; (_c_) they may carry on their
commerce either in person or by any agents whom they may think to
employ; (_d_) they will not be subject in respect of their persons or
property, or in respect of their commerce or industry to any taxes,
whether general or local, other than those which are or may be
imposed upon Transvaal citizens.

ARTICLE XXVII.

All inhabitants of the Transvaal shall have free access to the Courts
of Justice for the protection and defence of their rights.

ARTICLE XXVIII.

All persons other than natives who established their domicile in the
Transvaal between the 12th day of April, 1877, and the date when this
Convention comes into effect, and who shall within twelve months
after such last-mentioned date have their names registered by the
British Resident, shall be exempt from all compulsory military
service whatever. The Resident shall notify such registration to the
Government of the Transvaal State.

ARTICLE XXIX.

Provision shall hereafter be made by a separate instrument for the
mutual extradition of criminals, and also for the surrender of
deserters from Her Majesty's forces.

ARTICLE XXX.

All debts contracted since the annexation will be payable in the same
currency in which they may have been contracted; all uncancelled
postage and other revenue stamps issued by the Government since the
annexation will remain valid, and will be accepted at their present
value by the future Government of the State; all licenses duly issued
since the annexation will remain in force during the period for which
they may have been issued.

ARTICLE XXXI.

No grants of land which may have been made, and no transfer of
mortgage which may have been passed since the annexation, will be
invalidated by reason merely of their having been made or passed
since that date. All transfers to the British Secretary for Native
Affairs in trust for natives will remain in force, the Native
Location Commission taking the place of such Secretary for Native
Affairs.

ARTICLE XXXII.

This Convention will be ratified by a newly-elected Volksraad within
the period of three months after its execution, and in default of
such ratification this Convention shall be null and void.

ARTICLE XXXIII.

Forthwith, after the ratification of this Convention, as in the last
preceding Article mentioned, all British troops in Transvaal
territory will leave the same, and the mutual delivery of munitions
of war will be carried out. Articles end. Here will follow signatures
of Royal Commissioners, then the following to precede signatures of
triumvirate.

We, the undersigned, Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, Martinus
Wessel Pretorius, and Petrus Jacobus Joubert, as representatives of
the Transvaal Burghers, do hereby agree to all the above conditions,
reservations, and limitations under which self-government has been
restored to the inhabitants of the Transvaal territory, subject to
the suzerainty of Her Majesty, her heirs and successors, and we agree
to accept the Government of the said territory, with all rights and
obligations thereto appertaining, on the 8th day of August; and we
promise and undertake that this Convention shall be ratified by a
newly-elected Volksraad of the Transvaal State within three months
from this date.




APPENDIX B.

LONDON CONVENTION.

A CONVENTION BETWEEN HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC.

_February, 1884._

Whereas the Government of the Transvaal State, through its Delegates,
consisting of Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, President of the said
State, Stephanus Jacobus Du Toit, Superintendent of Education, and
Nicholas Jacobus Smit, a member of the Volksraad, have represented
that the Convention signed at Pretoria on the 3rd day of August,
1881, and ratified by the Volksraad of the said State on the 25th
October, 1881, contains certain provisions which are inconvenient,
and imposes burdens and obligations from which the said State is
desirous to be relieved, and that the south-western boundaries fixed
by the said Convention should be amended, with a view to promote the
peace and good order of the said State, and of the countries adjacent
thereto; and whereas Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, has been pleased to take the said
representations into consideration: Now, therefore, Her Majesty has
been pleased to direct, and it is hereby declared, that the following
articles of a new Convention, signed on behalf of Her Majesty by Her
Majesty's High Commissioner in South Africa, the Right Honourable Sir
Hercules George Robert Robinson, Knight Grand Cross of the Most
Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, Governor of the
Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and on behalf of the Transvaal State
(which shall hereinafter be called the South African Republic) by the
above-named Delegates, Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, Stephanus
Jacobus Du Toit, and Nicholas Jacobus Smit, shall, when ratified by
the Volksraad of the South African Republic, be substituted for the
articles embodied in the Convention of 3rd August, 1881; which
latter, pending such ratification, shall continue in full force and
effect.

ARTICLES.

ARTICLE I.

The Territory of the South African Republic will embrace the land
lying between the following boundaries, to wit:

Beginning from the point where the north-eastern boundary line of
Griqualand West meets the Vaal River, up the course of the Vaal River
to the point of junction with it of the Klip River; thence up the
course of the Klip River to the point of junction with it of the
stream called Gansvlei; thence up the Gansvlei stream to its source
in the Drakensberg; thence to a beacon in the boundary of Natal,
situated immediately opposite and close to the source of the Gansvlei
stream; thence in a north-easterly direction along the ridge of the
Drakensberg, dividing the waters flowing into the Gansvlei stream
from the waters flowing into the sources of the Buffalo, to a beacon
on a point where this mountain ceases to be a continuous chain;
thence to a beacon on a plain to the north-east of the last described
beacon; thence to the nearest source of a small stream called
'Division Stream'; thence down this division stream, which forms the
southern boundary of the farm Sandfontein, the property of Messrs.
Meek, to its junction with the Coldstream; thence down the Coldstream
to its junction with the Buffalo or Umzinyati River; thence down the
course of the Buffalo River to the junction with it of the Blood
River; thence up the course of the Blood River to the junction
with it of Lyn Spruit or Dudusi; thence up the Dudusi to its
source; thence 80 yards to Bea. I., situated on a spur of the
N'Qaba-Ka-hawana Mountains; thence 80 yards to the N'Sonto River;
thence down the N'Sonto River to its junction with the White Umvulozi
River; thence up the White Umvulozi River to a white rock where it
rises; thence 800 yards to Kambula Hill (Bea. II.); thence to the
source of the Pemvana River, where the road from Kambula Camp to
Burgers' Lager crosses; thence down the Pemvana River to its junction
with the Bivana River; thence down the Bivana River to its junction
with the Pongolo River; thence down the Pongolo River to where it
passes through the Libombo Range; thence along the summits of the
Libombo Range to the northern point of the N'Yawos Hill in that range
(Bea. XVI); thence to the northern peak of the Inkwakweni Hills
(Bea. XV.); thence to Sefunda, a rocky knoll detached from and to the
north-east end of the White Koppies, and to the south of the Musana
River (Bea. XIX.); thence to a point on the slope near the crest of
Matanjeni, which is the name given to the south-eastern portion
of the Mahamba Hills (Bea. XIII.); thence to the N'gwangwana, a
double-pointed hill (one point is bare, the other wooded, the beacon
being on the former) on the left bank of the Assegai River and
upstream of the Dadusa Spruit (Bea. XII.); thence to the southern
point of Bendita, a rocky knoll in a plain between the Little Hlozane
and Assegai Rivers (Bea. XI.); thence to the highest point of Suluka
Hill, round the eastern slopes of which flows the Little Hlozane,
also called Ludaka or Mudspruit (Bea. X.); thence to the beacon known
as 'Viljoen's,' or N'Duko Hill; thence to a point north-east of Derby
House, known as Magwazidili's Beacon; thence to the Igaba, a small
knoll on the Ungwempisi River, also called 'Joubert's Beacon,' and
known to the natives as 'Piet's Beacon' (Bea. IX.); thence to the
highest point of the N'Dhlovudwalili or Houtbosch, a hill on the
northern bank of the Umqwempisi River (Bea. VIII.); thence to a
beacon on the only flat-topped rock, about 10 feet high and about 30
yards in circumference at its base, situated on the south side of the
Lamsamane range of hills, and overlooking the valley of the great
Usuto River; this rock being 45 yards north of the road from Camden
and Lake Banagher to the forests on the Usuto River (sometimes
called Sandhlanas Beacon) (Bea. VII.); thence to the Gulungwana
or Ibubulundi, four smooth bare hills, the highest in that
neighbourhood, situated to the south of the Umtuli River (Bea. VI.),
thence to a flat-topped rock, 8 feet high, on the crest of the
Busuku, a low rocky range south-west of the Impulazi River (Bea.
V.); thence to a low bare hill on the north-east of, and overlooking
the Impulazi River, to the south of it being a tributary of the
Impulazi, with a considerable waterfall, and the road from the river
passing 200 yards to the north-west of the beacon (Bea. IV.); thence
to the highest point of the Mapumula range, the water-shed of the
Little Usuto River on the north, and the Umpulazi River on the south,
the hill, the top of which is a bare rock, falling abruptly towards
the Little Usuto (Bea. III.); thence to the western point of a
double-pointed rocky hill, precipitous on all sides, called Makwana,
its top being a bare rock (Bea. II.); thence to the top of a rugged
hill of considerable height falling abruptly to the Komati River,
this hill being the northern extremity of the Isilotwani range, and
separated from the highest peak of the range Inkomokazi (a sharp
cone) by a deep neck (Bea. I.). (On a ridge in the straight line
between Beacons I. and II. is an intermediate beacon.) From Beacon I.
the boundary runs to a hill across the Komati River, and thence along
the crest of the range of hills known as the Makongwa, which runs
north-east and south-west, to Kamhlubana Peak; thence in a straight
line to Mananga, a point in the Libombo range, and thence to the
nearest point in the Portuguese frontier on the Libombo range; thence
along the summits of the Libombo range to the middle of the poort
where the Komati River passes through it, called the lowest Komati
Poort; thence in a north by easterly direction to Pokioens Kop,
situated on the north side of the Olifant's River, where it passes
through the ridges; thence about north-north-west to the nearest
point of Serra di Chicundo; and thence to the junction of the Pafori
River with the Limpopo or Crocodile River; thence up the course of