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_bolnyt_, swelled. So in Wyntoun, IX, 17, 5. _Boldnit_ with
excrescent _d_ occurs in Douglas, II, 84, 16.
BRA, BRAE, BRAY (br[-e]), a slope, declivity. O.N. _bra_, see
Bradley's Stratmann. Cp. _Joestedalsbrae_ in Western Norway.
BRAID (br[-e]d), _sb._ a sudden movement, an assault (Small).
Douglas, III, 251, 2. O.N. _brageth_, a sudden motion, a quick
movement, tricks or sleights in wrestling. O. Sw. _braghş_,
a sudden motion. Norse, Sw. _bragd_, manner of execution,
exploit. The fundamental idea in the Sco. and the O. Nh. word
is sudden movement. The O.E. _braegd_ meant deceit, fraud.
BRAITH, _adj._ hasty, violent. Wallace, X, 242. O.N. _braethr_,
sudden, hasty, O. Dan. _braadh_, Norse _braad_. Cp. _braahast_
(E. Norse), great hurry, O. Sw. _brader_, _brodher_, hasty,
violent, Orm. _bra_, angry. _Brothfall_ (Orm), a fit, _broth_
(Eng. dial.), in Skeat's list. _Braithful_, violent, sharp.
BRAITHLY, _adv._ violently, suddenly. O.N. _braethliga_, hastily. Cp.
E. Norse _braaleg_ adj., and M. Dan. _bradelig_. O.N.
_braethorethr_ means "hasty of speech."
BROKIT, BRUKIT, _adj._ streaked, spotted. Burns, 569. O. Sw.
_brokoter_, Norse _brokut_, Dan. _broget_, variegated,
striped. Cp. _dannebrog_, the Danish flag. Same as Cu.
_breukt_. Probably the same with Shetland _brogi_, in "a brogi
sky," cloudy. May possibly be Eng. Exists in M.L.G.
BROD, _sb._ a sharp point. Wyntoun, VI, 14, 70. O.N. _broddr_,
Norse, Sw. _brodd_, Orm. _brodd_. (See Brate.)
BROD, _vb._ to prick, spur on, incite. C.S. 123; Douglas, III, 3,
20; Dunbar T.M.W. 330. O.N. _brodda_, to prick, to urge. Dan.
_brodde_ means "to equip with points," a vb. later developed
out of the sb.
BRONT, _sb._ force, rush, shock. Douglas, I, 90, 20; II, 161, 28.
"At the first bront we swept by." See Skeat _brunt_.
BUD, _sb._ a bribe, an offer. Lyndsay, 436, 1616; Dunbar T.M.W. 142.
O.N. _bod_, an offer, Norse _bod_, Sw. _bud_, Dan. dial.
_bud_, an offer at an auction. Cp. O.E. _friethbote_, a peace-
offering, O.N. _frieth_ + _boeth_.
BUGHT, _sb._ a corner or stall where cows are milked. Ramsay, II,
539. O.N. _bugt_, a bowing, a bight, Norse _bugt_, Dan.
_bugt_.
BULLER, _vb._ to trickle, bubble. Winyet, II, 62. O.N. _buldra_,
Norse _bulrdra_. See E.D.D. cp. Sw. _bullra_, to make an
indistinct noise. O. Fr. _bulder_, L.G. _bullern_ (see
Koolman), Germ. _poltern_ all have more the idea of loud
noise, clamor, as the Norse word sometimes has. Lyndsay, 226,
95, uses the word in this sense. It may be genuine Eng.
BUSK, _vb._ to prepare, dress, adorn, ornament. O.N. _buask_ from
_bua sik_, to make ready, to ornament. See Wall. Exhibits
W. Scand. reflexive ending _sk_. The Gael. _busgainnich_, to
dress, to adorn, is a loanword from O.N.
BUSKIE, _adj._ fond of dress, Jamieson, _busk_ sb. dress,
decoration. See _busk_ vb.
BUITH ([-u]), _sb._ booth, shop. Winyet, 1, 23, 2. O.N. _bueth_, shop,
O. Dan. _both, bodh_. O. Sw. _boeth_, Norse _bud_, Sw. _bod_,
Dan. dial. _bod_. M.E. _b[-o]şe_, cp. M.L.G. _bode_.
BYNG, _vb._ to heap up. Douglas, III, 144, 5. See _bing_ sb.
BYRD, _vb._ impers., it behoved. Bruce, VI, 316. O.N. _byrja_, to
behove, beseem, pret. _burethi_, Norse _byrja_ id., pret.
_burde_, O. Dan. _boerae_, Sw. _boera_.
BYSNING, _adj._ strange, monstrous, terrible, Douglas, I, 29, 7;
I, 37, 5; II, 70, 17. M.E. _biseninge_, ill-boding, monstrous,
from O.N. _bysna_, to portend, Norse _bisna_, to marvel over.
BYSNING, _sb._ a strange person, an unusually unfortunate person.
Douglas, I, 2544; I, 339. O.N. _bysna_, to portend, _bysn_,
a strange and portentous thing. Norse _bysn_, a prodigy,
_bysning_, curiosity. See the adj. Cp. Shetland _soni-bosni_,
O.N. _sjonar-bysn_, a marvel.
CADYE, _adj._ wanton. Lyndsay, LXXXVII, 2567. Also written _cady_,
_caidgy_, _caigie_; sometimes means "sportive, cheerful." Dan.
_kaad_, merry, lusty, lustful. So Sw. _kat_, O.N. _katr_,
merry, cheerful, Norse _kaat_. Cp. Philotus 5, "the carle
caiges," where the same word is used as a vb. to wanton, be
wanton.
CALLER, _adj._ cool. Fergusson, 73. Very common in modern Sco.
diall. O.N. _kaldr_, Norse _kall_, cold. Seems to be a case
of the Norse inflexional _r_ not disappearing in Sco.
CANGLER, a wrangler. Ramsay, II, 482. Norse _kengla_, _kaeingla_,
_kjaeingla_, to quarrel. A Sco. vb. _cangle_, to quarrel, also
exists. Cp. O.N. _kangin-yrethi_, jeering words, Yorkshire
_caingy_, cross, ill-tempered.
CAPPIT, _vb. pret._ strove. Douglas, II, 154, 21. O.N. _kapp_,
contest, zeal, _deila kappi vieth_, strive with. Norse _kapp_
id. _kappa_, reflexive, to race. Dan. _kamp_, O.E. _camp_,
_cempam_. The Sco. word exhibits W. Scand. assimilation of
_mp_ to _pp_, the form _kapp_, however, also existed in O. Sw.
and exists in N.Dan. In Cu. a _capper_ is one who excels. This
is probably the same word. See, however, E.D.
CAREING (k[-e]r), _pr. p._ driving, from _care_, _caire_, to drive.
Douglas, III, 166, 10; Wallace, IX, 1240. O.N. _koeyra_, O. Ic.
_keyra_, Norse _koyra_, to drive, ride, O. Ic. _keyrsla_,
a driving, Norse _kjorsel_, id. Cp. Shetland _care_, id.
Monophthongation in O. Sw. _koera_, Dan. _koere_.
CARL, _sb._ a man, an old man, very frequently with an idea of
disrespect. C.S., 144. O.N. _karl_, Norse _kar_, a man,
fellow, but _kall_, an old man, with assimilation of _rl_ to
_ll_. W.Norse _kadl_ exhibits the change of _ll_ to _dl_. In
Dan. and in Sw. dial _karl_. Cu. _carl_ means a coarse fellow.
Dunbar has the word _wifcarl_, man.
CARLAGE, _adj._ oldish, decrepit. Irving, 172. O.N. _karl_ +
_leikr_.
CARLING, KARLING, CARLINE, _sb._ an old woman, a slatternly woman.
O.N. _kerling_, an old woman, _karlinna_, a woman. O. Dan.
_kaerlingh_, O. Sw. _kaerling_, Norse _kjaering_, Dan. _kiaerling_
(pronounced _kaelling_), id. Dan. dial. _kerling_. Cp. Gael.
_cailliach_. Does not seem to exist in Eng. diall. south of
the border.
CARP, KARP, _vb._ to talk, converse. Wyntoun, VI, 18, 313. O.N.
_karpa_. See Skeat Et.D.
CASTINGS, _sb. pl._ cast off clothes. Dunbar's Complaynt, 43. Deriv.
from _cast_. O.N. _kasta_.
CHAFT, _sb._ the jaw, also used vulgarly for the mouth. O.N.
_kjaptr_, the jaw. Norse _kjaeft_, vulgar name for the mouth.
O. Sw. _kiaepter_, M. Sw. _kaeft_, Dan. _kjaeft_, M.E. _chaft_.
CHAFT-BLADE, CHAFF-BLADE, _sb._ jaw. Mansie Wauch, 41, 20; 76, 23;
147, 28. Cp. Norse _kjaefte-blad_, id. See _chaft_.
CHOWK, _sb._ jawbone. Dalr., VIII, 112, 14; Isaiah, L, 6. O.N.
_kjalki_, the jawbone, Norse _kj[-a]ke_.
CHYNGIEL, _sb._ gravel. Douglas, III, 302, 30. Norse _singl_, see
Skeat, and Wall.
CLED, _pp._ clad, clothed. Wallace, I, 382. O.N. _klaeddr_, dressed,
from _klaeetha_. O.E. _claeethan_, from which N. Eng. _clothe_, was
borrowed from the Scand. in late O.E. See Kluge P.G.(2)I,
932.
CLAG, _sb._ a stain, a flaw. Dalr., VIII, 97, 17. The vowel in O.N.
_kleggi_ does not correspond. It is rather Dan. _klag_, see
_claggit_.
CLAGGIT, _adj._ clagged, literally adhering, sticking, vb. _clag_,
to stick. Lindsay, LXXXVII, 2667. Dan. _klaeg_, mud, sticky
clay, as adj. sticky, cp. Cu. _claggy_, adhesive, _clog_, to
stick to, O.E. _claeg_, from which N. Eng. _clay_. Possibly
from an unpalatalized O. Nhb. _claeg_.
Cleading, _sb._ dress, clothing, A.P.B. 110 cp. Norse _klaedning_,
Sco. formation, same as clothing in Eng. The Sco. vb. is
_cleed_.
CLECKIN, _sb._ brood of chickens. Burns, 99, 4. Cp. O.N. _klekking_,
chicken, but probably Sco. formation from _cleck_, to hatch,
q.v.
CLEG, _sb._ the gadfly, horsefly. Burns, 88, I. O.N. _kleggi_,
horsefly, Dan. _kleg_. See Wall.
CLEK, _vb._ to hatch. Dunbar, 105; Douglas, II, 198, 3. O.N.
_klekja_, O. Sw. _klaekkia_, Norse _kloekkja_, _kloettja_, Dan.
_klaekke_, Sw. _klaecka_, id.
CLOFF, _sb._ fork, fissure. Montg. F., 60. O.N. _klof_, bifurcation,
O. Dan. _klov_, a rift in a tree, O. Sw. _klovi_, id. Norse
_klov_, a cleft opening. Cp. Sco. _long-cloved_ and Ic.
_klof-langr_.
CLOUR, _vb._ to beat, strike; always used with reference to personal
encounters. O.N. _klora_, to scratch, Norse _kl[-o]ra_ id.,
_kl[-o]r_ sb. used with reference to the scratch one gets as
the result of a blow. In Sco. _clour_ may also mean the blow
itself.
CLOUR, CLOWRE, _sb._ a scratch or swelling after a blow. Fergusson,
120; Philotus, 153; Douglas, I, 6, 4. O.N. _klor_,
a scratching. Norse _kl[-o]r._ Probably Sco. formation.
CLUBBIT, _adj._ clubfooted, clumsy. Montg. S., XXVIII; M.P., 13, 30.
O.N. _klubba_ and _klumba_, Norse _klubba_, Dan., Norse
_klump_. Cp. Eng. _clump_. Soederwall gives _klubba, klobba_,
probably M. Sw. Cp. N.Dan. _klubbe_. Exhibits assimilation of
_mb_ to _bb_ which is general in W. Scand. Also appears to
some extent later in E. Scand. Eng. _club_ is Scand. See
Skeat.
CLUNK, _vb._ to emit a hollow and uninterrupted sound. Jamieson,
Ayr. O.N. _klunka_, Norse _klunka_, to emit a gurgling sound.
O. Sw. _klunka_, Eng. _clink_ shows umlaut.
CLYFFT, _sb._ a cleft, a fissure. Wallace, VII, 859. Norse _klyft_,
_kluft_, Ic. _kluft_, Sw. _klyfta_, Dan. _kloft_. See also
Skeat under _cleft_, and B.S. _cluft_. The Sco. word like the
M.E. exhibits the umlaut which has taken place in some places
in Norway and Sweden.
COG, KOG, COGGIE, _sb._ a keg, a wooden vessel of any kind.
Ferguson, 13; Burns, 195, 51, 2; 195, 50, 6. O.N. _kaggi_,
Norse _kagge_, Dan. Sw. _kagge_, a cask, a barrel. Skeat cites
the form _cag_ for Eng. diall. The Sco. word preserves more
closely the Norse sound, which is not _o_, but _a_. On L.G.
cognates see Skeat Et.D.
COSTLYK, _adj._ costly, magnificent. Wyntoun, VIII, 28, 76; IX, 18,
66, costlike. O.N. _kostligr_, costly, choice, desirable.
O. Sw. _kosteliker_, O. Dan. _kostaelic_, N. Dan. _kostelig_,
Norse _kosteleg_, costly, magnificent. Deriv. _costlykly_.
Wyntoun, VII, 5, 96.
COUR, _vb._ to bow, to croutch. O.N. _kura_, O. Dan. _kurae_, O. Sw.
_kura_, Norse _kura_, _kurra_, bend down, become quiet, go to
rest. Norse _kurr_, adj. silent, _kurrende still_, perfectly
quiet, cowered to silence. The fundamental idea in the O.N.
word was probably that of "lying quiet." Cp. Shetland _to
cur_, to sit down. Isaiah, LVIII, 5: "His head till cower like
a seggan flouir."
COW, _vb._ to overcome, surpass, "beat." O.N. _kuga_, to compel to
something, to tyrannize over. Dan _kue_, _underkue_, suppress,
oppress, Norse _kua_, press down, also put into subjection.
The more general meaning in the modern diall. is "to beat."
"To cow a'," in Barrie, to beat everything; _cow'd_, Fergusson
117, terrified.
CRAIK, _sb._ crow. Burns, 226, 119, 3, and 121, 1. O.N. _kraka_,
Norse _kraake_, _krauka_, Dan. _krage_, Shetland _kraga_,
crow. See also Wall.
CRAVE, _vb._ to demand payment of a debt, to dun. A regular Sco. use
of the word. O.E. _crafian_ is a loanword from Scand. See
Kluge P.G.(2)I, 933. Cp. Norse _kreva_, to dun.
CROVE, _sb._ hut, cottage. Ramsay, I, 158. O.N. _kro_, a hut,
a little cottage (Haldorson), Norse, _kro_, specialized to
"wine or ale house." So in Dan.
CUNNAND, _adj._ knowing, skilful, dexterous. Wyntoun, VII, 3, 28;
_connand_, V, 12, 1243; Douglas, II, 18, 22. O.N. _kunnandi_,
knowing, learned, Norse _kunnande_, skilled. Deriv.
_cunnandly_, _conandly_ (Wallace, I, 248).
CUNNANDNESS, _sb._ skill, knowledge, wisdom. Wyntoun, V, 12, 280;
VII, 8, 667. Sb. formation from _cunnand_.
DAGGIT, _adj. pp._ soaked. Montg. S., 68, 11. O.N. _doeggva_, to
bedew, _doeggottr_, covered with dew, Norse _dogga_, id., Sw.
_dagg_, thin, drizzling rain, O. Sw. _dag_, dew, Shetland
_dag_, dew, "he's dagen," it is misting. Cp. Cu. _daggy_,
misty.
DAPILL, _adj._ gray. Douglas, II, 257, 19; Scott 72, 126, "till hair
and berd grow dapill." O.N. _depill_. See Skeat.
DAPPLET, _adj._ spotted, flecked. Burns, VII, 11. See _dapple_ in
Skeat Et.D.
DASH, _vb._ to strike. Burns, 210, 872, 8, 7. O.N. _daska_, to
strike, sb. _dask_, a strike, Norse _daska_, Dan., Sw.
_daska_, M.E. _daschen_. See Bradley's Stratmann.
DE, DEE, _vb._ to die, M.E. _deyen_. Undoubtedly a Scand. loan-word.
Luik (91-93), agreeing with Napier, thinks the word is native
from primitive Gmc. *_daujan_. I think, however, with Kluge,
that if the word had existed in O.E. it would have appeared
earlier. See Kluge P.G.(2)I, 933. O.N. _doeyja_, Norse _doei_,
O. Dan. _doeia_, Dan, _doe_. On M.E. _deyen_ see Brate.
DEGRAITHIT, _pp._ deprived of. Lyndsay, 523, 3935. Formed from the
sb. _graith_, possessions, hence _degraith_, to dispossess.
Cp. the Eng. parallel. See _graith_.
DEY, DEE, _sb._ maid, woman. A.P.B., 151; Ramsay 399. O.N. _daeigja_,
a dairy maid, Norse _deigja_, servant, _budeie_, dairy maid,
O. Sw. _deghia_, _deijha_, maid, girl, sweetheart, O. Dan.
_deije_, mistress, _deijepige_, servant. The Sco. word has
nearly always the general sense of "woman."
DING, _vb._ to drive, strike, beat, overcome. O.N. _dengja_, to
hammer, Norse _dengja_, _denge_, to whip, beat, O. Sw.
_daengia_ id., Sw. _daenge_, O. Dan. _daenge_, M.E. _dingen_.
A very common word in Sco., used quite generally as Eng.
"beat," in the sense of "surpassing." "To ding a'" = to beat
everything. Cp. "to cow a'."
DIRDUM, _sb._ tumult, uproar. Douglas, I, 117, 9. O.N. _dyra-domr_,
"doordoom, an ancient tribunal held at the door of the house
of the suspected person, which often was followed by uproar
and bloodshed" (Small). The word appears in Gael. as _durdan_.
DOIF, _adj._ deaf, dull. Irving, 214. See _douff_. For similar
parallel forms cp. _gowk_ and _goilk_; _nowt_ and _nolt_;
_howk_ and _holk_; _lowp_ and _loip_; _bowdyn_ and _boildin_,
etc.
DONK, _adj._ damp, moist. Douglas, II, 196, 32; Dunbar, G.T., 97.
Cu. _donky_. See Skeat under _dank_. Cp. _donk_ sb.
DONK, _sb._ a moist place. Rolland, I, 2. Sw. dial. _dank_, a moist
marshy place, small valley. O.N. _doekk_, a pool, Norse _dok_,
a valley, Shetland _dek_. Exhibits E. Scand. non-assimilation
of _nk_ to _kk_.
DONK, _vb._ to moisten. Dunbar, T.M.W., 10, 512. M.E. _donken_, to
moisten. See _donk_, adj.
DONNART, _adj._ stupid, stupefied. Mansie Wauch, 96, 29. Norse
_daana_, Sw. _dana_, to faint. For the _r_ cp. dumbfoundered,
M.W., p. 210, 25. An excrescent _r_ appears in a number of
words, so in _dynnart_, a variant of the word above, Dunbar,
T.M.W. 10. Cp. _daunert_, in stupor, Johnnie Gibb, 56, 44,
and _dauner_, to wander aimlessly, Psalms CVII, 40.
DOOCK, DUCK. _sb._ a kind of coarse cloth. Jamieson. Probably in
this case, as the form of the word indicates, from O.N.
_dukr_, O. Sw. _d[-u]ker_, cloth. Cp. Norse _d[-u]k_, Dan.
_dug_, Sw. dial. _duk_. Skeat derives the Eng. _duck_ from Du.
_dock_, but the Sco. word agrees more closely with the Norse.
DOSEN, _adj._ stupefied. Burns 220, 107, 2. Cp. Cu. _dozent_,
stupefied, and Mansie Wauch, 207, 24, _dozing_, whirling,
sprawling. The Norse work _dusen_ has the same meaning as
_dosen_ above. The form _dosynt_, pp. dazed, stunned (Burns),
is to be explained from a Sco. vb. _dosen_ (not necessarily
_dosnen_ in Scotland), corresponding to M.E. _dasin_, O.N.
_dasa_. See Skeat under _doze_.
DOWFF, DOUF, DOLF, _adj._ deaf, dull, melancholy, miserable.
Douglas, II, 63, 11; Burns, 44, 4. O.N. _daufr_, deaf, Norse
_dauv_, drowsy, dull, _dauva_, make drowsy. See _dowie_.
DOWIE, DOWY, _adj/_ melancholy, dismal. O.N. _doufr_, dead, drowsy.
Norse _dauv_, _dau_, id. Cp. Sco. _doolie_ and Ir. _doiligh_,
mournful, O.N. _daufligr_, dismal.
DOWLESS, _adj._ careless, worthless. Isaiah, 32, 11. O.N.
_duglauss_, Norse _duglaus_, good for nothing, said of a person
who has lost all courage or strength, as opposed to _duglegr_,
capable. Norse _dugloysa_, weakness, inability. Cp. Dan.
_due_, to be able. Germ. _taugen_.
DRAIK, _vb._ to drown, drench. Lyndsay, 247, 714; _draikit_, Isaiah,
I, 22. Apparently from O.N. _drekkja_, to drown, to swamp. The
vowel is difficult to explain. The Cu. form _drakt_, drenched,
wet, indicates a verb, _drak_. The change in vowel would then
be similar to that in _dwall_ from O.N. _dvelja_, Eng.
_dwell_. Uncertain.
DRAM, _sb._ a drink. Fergusson, 40; Mansie Wauch, 9, 9; 90, 2. Norse
_dram_, a drink, always used with reference to a strong drink,
so in Sco. Dan. _dram_, as much of a strong drink as is taken
at one time (Molbeck). O. Sw. _dramb_, drinking in general,
carousing. This usage of _dram_ is distinctively Scand. and
Sco. Cp. Eng. _dram_, Sco. vb. _dram_, to furnish with drinks.
DRAWKIT, _adj._ drenched. Dunbar 142, 102; Douglas, I, 56, 12; III,
303, 8. See _draik_. The vowel is difficult to explain.
Absence of _n_ before the _k_ proves that it is either a
Scand. loanword direct, or a Sco. formation from one. There is
no Scand. word from which _drawkit_ could come. It may be a
Sco. formation from _draik_. For change of _ai_ to _aw_ cp.
_agent_ and _awgent_; _various_ and _vawrious_, in Aberdeen
dial. The M. Dan. _drockne_, N. Norse _drokna_, would hardly
account for _aw_ in _drawkit_.
DROOK, to drench, to drown. Isaiah, XVI, 9; LV, 10; Psalms, VI, 6.
Cannot come from O.N. _drekkja_. Probably from O.N. _drukna_,
to drown, Norse _drukna_, O. Dan. _dronkne_, by lengthening of
the vowel. Cp. Cu. _drookt_, severely wet. The following
infinitive forms also occur, _draik_, _drowk_, _drawk_.
DROUKIT, _adj._ drenched. Fergusson, 40. See _drook_.
DRUCKEN, DRUKEN, _adj._ drunken, addicted to drink. O.N., Norse
_drukken_, pp. of _drikka_, to drink. Early E. Scand. has the
unassimilated form. Cp. O. Dan. _dronkne_, _drone_. Later Dan.
_drougne_, _drocken_. Early Sw. _drokken_.
DUDDY, _adj._ ragged. Fergusson, 146; Burns, 68, 48. See _duds_.
Cp. Cu. _duddy fuddiel_, a ragged fellow.
DUDS, _sb. pl._ rags, clothes, O.N. _dudi_, "vestes plumatae"
(Haldorson), _duda_ (_duetha_), to wrap up heavily, to swaddle.
Gael. _dud_, rag, is a loan-word from O.N. It is possible that
the word may have come into Lowland Sco. by way of Gael.
EGG, _vb._ to urge on, to incite. O.N. _eggja_, goad, incite, Norse
_egga_, Dan. _egge_, id. The word is general Gmc., but this
specific sense is Scand. Cp. O. Fr. _eggia_, to quarrel, to
fight. M.L.G. _eggen_, to cut, to sharpen a sword.
EGGING, _sb._ excitement, urging. Bruce, IV, 539. See _egg_.
EIDENT, YDAN, YTHAND, _adj._ diligent. Dalr., I, 233, 35; Fergusson,
94; Douglas, I, 86, 17. O.N. _iethinn_, assiduous, diligent,
_iethja_, to be active. Norse _idn_, activity, industry. Cp.
Dan. _id_, _idelig_.
ELDING, _sb._ fuel. Dalr., I, 10, 8. O.N. _elding_, firing, fuel.
Norse _elding_, id. Cu. _eldin_. From O.N. _eldr_, fire.
Cp. Shetland _eld_, fire. See N.E.D.
ELDNYNG, _sb._ passion, also jealousy. Dunbar, 36, 204; 119, 126,
literally "firing up." O.N. _eldr_, fire. Cp. Sw. _elding_.
ENCRELY, YNKIRLY, _adv._ especially, particularly. Bruce, I, 92;
I, 301; X, 287. O.N. _einkarlegr_, O. Dan. _enkorlig_, O. Sw.
_enkorlika_, adj. adv. special, especially. Cp. Norse
_einkeleg_, unusual, extraordinary. See B-S and Skeat's
glossary to Barbour's Bruce.
END, _sb._ breath. Sat. P., 42, 63. See _aynd_.
END, _vb._ to breathe upon. Dalr., I, 29, 6. O.N. _anda_, Norse
_anda_, breathe, M.E. _anden_.
ERD, _vb._ to bury. Dunbar, F., 372; Douglas, II, 266, 10; Bruce,
XX, 291. O.N. _jaretha_, to bury, O. Sw. _iorşa_. O.E. _eardian_
meant "to dwell, inhabit." See further Wall. A case of
borrowed meaning, the form is Eng.
ERDING, _sb._ burial. Bruce, IV, 255; XIX, 86. See _erd_ vb.
ESPYNE, _sb._ a long boat. Bruce, XVII, 719. O.N. _espingr_,
a ship's boat, Sw. _esping_.
ETTIL, ETIL, _sb._ aim, design. Douglas, II, 249, 13; II, 254. See
_ettil_ vb.
ETLYNG, _sb._ aim, endeavor, intention. Bruce, II, 22; I, 587; R.R.,
1906. Probably a deriv. from _ettle_, see below, but cp. O.N.
_etlun_, design, plan, intention.
ETTLE, ETTIL, _vb._ to intend, aim at, attempt. O.N. _aetla_, intend,
O. Dan. _aetlae_, ponder over, Norse _etla_, intend, determine,
or get ready to do a thing. Cu. _ettle_, York, _attle_. In
Isaiah, LIX, colophon, _ettle_ signifies "means, have the
meaning."
FALOW, _vb._ to match, compare. R. R., 3510. Also the regular form
of the sb. in Sco., O.N. _felagr._ See Skeat, B-S under
_f[-e]la[*g]e._ The Sco. vowel is long as in O.N. and M.E. The
tendency in Sco. is toward _a_ in a great many words that have
_e_ in Eng. Cp. Aberdeen _wast_ for _west_; _laft_ for _left_;
_stap _ for _step_; _sattlit_ for _settled_, S. Sco. _wat_ for
_wet_. Similar unfronting of the vowel is seen in _prenciple_,
_reddance_, _enterdick_.
FANG, _vb._ to catch, seize. O.N. _fanga_, to fetch, capture. Norse
_fanga_, Dan. _fange_. This word in Northern England and
Scotland is to be regarded as a Scand. loan-word. The word
_fangast_, a marriageable maid, cited by Wall, proves this.
Literally the word means something caught (cp. Norse
_fangst_). This meaning could not possibly have arisen out of
the O.E. word, but is explained by the Norse use of it and the
peculiar Norse custom, cp. _fanga k[o,]nu_, to wed a woman,
_kvan-fang_, marriage, _fangs-tieth_, wedding-season, Norse
_brylloep_ < _brudlaup_, the "bride-run." Wall suggests that it
may come from the root of O.E. pp. _gefangen_. Its presence in
S.Eng. diall. in the meaning "to struggle, to bind," may be
explained in this way.
FARANDNESS, _sb._ comeliness, handsomeness. R.R., 1931. See
_farrand_. Cp. _cunnandness_, from pr. p. _cunnand_.
FARRAND, _adj._ appearing, generally well-appearing, handsome, e.g.,
_a seemly farrand person_. The word frequently means "fitting,
proper," O.N. _fara_, to suit, to fit, a secondary sense of
_fara_, to go.
FEIR, FER, _adj._ sound, unharmed. O.N. _faerr_, safe, well, in
proper condition, originally applied to a way that was in
proper condition or a sea that was safe, e.g., _Petlandsfjoerethr
var eigi faerr_, the Pentland Firth was not safe, could not be
crossed. Norse _for_ also has this same meaning, also means
"handy, skillful," finally "strong, well-built." Dan., Sw.
_foer_, able. So in Dunbar, 258, 51. Sometimes spelled _fier_.
FELL, _sb._ mountain. O.N. _fjald_, Norse _fjell_. See Wall.
FILLOK, _sb._ a giddy young woman. Douglas, III, 143, 10; Lyndsay,
87, 2654. Diminutive of _filly_, q.v.
FILLY, _sb._ a chattering, gossipy young woman. Ramsay, II, 328.
Sco. usage. See Skeat under _filly_, O.N. _fylja_.
FIRTH, _sb._ a bay, arm of the sea. O.N. _fjoerethr_, O. Sw.
_fjoerdher_. See Skeat.
FLAKE, _sb._ a hurdle. Douglas, IV, 14, 10. O.N. _flaki_, a hurdle,
or shield wicker-work. Norse _flake_, Sw. _flake_ and O. Sw.
_flaki_. Cu. _flaks_, pieces of turf, is probably the same.
Cp. Norse _flake_, in _kote-flake_.
FLAT, _adj._ dull, spiritless. Rolland, Prol. 16. O.N. _flat_, Norse
_flat_, ashamed, disappointed, _fara flatt fyrir einem_, to
fare ill, be worsted, O. Dan. _flad_, weak.
FLECKERIT, _pp. adj._ spotted. Gol. and Gaw., 475. O.N. _flekkr_,
a spot, _flekkottr_, spotted. The _r_ in the Sco. word is
frequentative, not the inflexional ending of the O.N. See also
Skeat under _fleck_.
FLEGGER, _sb._ a flatterer. Dunbar, F., 242. Dan. dial. _flaegger_,
false, _flaegre_, to flatter.
FLINGIN TREE, _sb._ a piece of timber hung by way of partition
between two horses in a stable (Wagner), Burns, 32, 23. O.N.
_flengja_, Norse _flenga_, _flengja_, to fling, to sling. Sw.
_flaenga_, O. Ic. _flengja_, to whip up, to cause to hurry, to
ride furiously. The Norse and the Dan., like the English, do
not have the primary meaning seen in O. Ic. and N.Sw. See
further Skeat.
FLIT, _vb._ to move, change abode. O.N. _flyttja_, Norse _flytta_,
O. Dan. _flyttae_, O. Sw. _flyttia_, to move, M.E. _flytten_
. The O.N. _flyttja_ meant "to migrate," as also the M.E. word,
otherwise the usage is the same in all the Scand. languages.
Sco. _flit_ is to be derived from O.N. not from Sw.
FLYRE, _vb._ to grin, leer, whimper, look surly. Montg. F., 188.
Dunbar, T.M.W., 114. O.N., _flira_, Norse _flira_, smile at,
leer, laugh, Dan. _flire_ to leer, M.E. _fliren_. The three
words _flina_, _flira_ and _flisa_ in Scand. mean the same.
Cu. _fliar_, to laugh heartily. See also Wall.
FLYTTING, _sb._ furniture, moveable goods. Wyntoun, VIII, 38, 50. In
Wallace simply in the sense of removal. O.N. _flutning_,
transport, carriage of goods. The Sco. word is probably a
deriv. from _flyt_, as indicated also by the umlauted vowel.
FORELDERS, _sb. pl._ parents. Gau. 15, 2. Dan. _foraeldre_, Sw.
_foeraeldrar_, Norse _foreldre_, parents. In the sense
"ancestors" the word is general Gmc, but the above use is
specifically Scand. In Sco. the word usually has the general
sense. Gau has Dan. elements that are not to be found in other
Sco. works.
FORJESKIT, _adj._ jaded, fatigued. Burns, 44, 29. Dan. _jask_ adj.,
_jaske_ vb. to rumple, put in disorder, _jask_, a rag,
_jasket_, _hjasket_ left in disordered condition. Dan. dial.
_jasked_, clumsy, homely. Sw. dial. _jaska_, to walk slovenly
and as if tired, _jasked_, adj. in bad condition. R.L.
Stevenson in "The Blast" uses _forjaskit_ in the sense of
"jaded." The prefix _for_ may be either Eng. or Dan.
FORLOPPIN, _adj._ renegade. Sat., p. 44, 243. The pp. of _loup_, to
leap, to run, with intensive prefix _for_. See _loup_. Cp. the
Norse _forloppen_ from _laeupa_, used precisely in the same
way, and the Dan. dial. _loben_. _Forloppin_ as sb., Dunbar,
139. See also _loppert_.
FORS, _sb._ a stream. O.N. _fors_, N.Ic. and Norse _foss_, Dan., Sw.
_foss_, stream, waterfall, O.N. _forsa_, to foam, spout. The
word is very common in Norway, not so common in Sweden and
Denmark.
FORTH, _sb._ Dunbar, 316, 63. Same as _firth_.
FRA, FRAE, _prep._ and _conj._ from, since. Aberdeen form _fae_.
O.N. _fra_, from, Dan. _fra_, Norse _fra_, Sw. _fra_. Deriv.
from "from," according to Wall, by analogy of _o'_, etc. I do
not believe so. It is first found in Scand. settlements and is
confined to them. Besides _m_ would not be likely to fall out.
The case is quite different with _f_ and _n_ in "of" and "in"
when before "the." Furthermore, the conjunctive use of _fra_
as in Sco. is Norse.
FRECKLIT, FRECKLED, _adj._ flecked, spotted, differing slightly from
the Eng. use. Douglas, II, 216, 5; Mansie Wauch, 18, 5,
"freckled corn." O.N. _freknur_. See Kluge and Lutz, and
Skeat. In M.W. above: "The horn-spoons green and black
freckled."
FREND, _sb._ relation, relative. Wyntoun, VII, 10, 354. O.N.
_fraendi_, kinsman, O. Dan. _fraendi_, Norse _fraende_, Sw.
_fraende_, id. O.E. _fr[-e]ond_, O.H.G. _friunt_, O. Fr.
_friond_, _friund_, M.L.G. _vrint_, "friend." Cp. the Sco.
proverb: "Friends agree best at a distance," relations agree
best when there is no interference of interests, Jamieson.
FRESTIN, _vb._ to tempt, taunt, also to try. Gol. and Gaw., 902,
911; Ramsay, I, 271. O.N. _fraeista_, to tempt, Norse
_freista_, _frista_, to tempt, try, O. Sw. _fresta_, Dan.
_friste_, Sw. dial. _freista_, to attempt, O.E. _fr[-a]sian_.
GANAND, _adj._ fitting, proper. Dunbar, 294; Douglas, II, 24, 19.
Pr. p. of _gane_. Cp. Eng. fitting. See _gane_.
GANE, _vb._ to be suitable. L.L., 991; Rolland, II, 135. O.N.
_gegna_, to suit, to satisfy, from _gegn_. O. Sw. _gen_, same
root in Germ. _begegnen_. See further Kluge. Entirely
different from _gane_, to profit.
GANE, _vb._ to profit. L.L., 131; R.R., 1873. O.N. _gagne_, to help,
be of use, _gagn_, use, profit, Norse _gagna_, id., O. Sw.
_gaghna_, to profit, Dan. _gavne_.
GANE, _sb._ the mouth and throat. Douglas, III, 168, 26. Cannot come
from O.E. _gin_, O.N. _gin_, mouth, because of the quality of
the vowel, is, however, Norse _gan_, _gane_, the throat, the
mouth and throat, Sw. _gan_, gap, the inside of the mouth.
GAIT, GATE, GAT, _sb._ road, way, manner. O.N. _gata_, O. Dan.
_gatae_, M.E. _g[-a]te_. See Wall. Cp. Northern Eng. "to gang
i' that rwoad," to continue in that manner.
GARTH, GAIRTH, _sb._ the yard, the house with the enclosure,
dwelling. O.N. _garethr_, a yard, the court and premises, O. Sw.
_garşer_, _gardh_, the homeplace, Dan. _gaard_, M.E. _garth_,
and _yeard_ from O.E. _geard_, Cu. _garth_, Shetland _gard_.
Is in form more specifically Norse than Dan. Occurs in a
number of place-names in South Scotland, especially Dumfries.
See I, Sec.3.
GATEFARRIN, _adj._ wayfaring, in the sense of fit to travel, in
suitable apparel for travel. Johnnie Gibb, 12, 35. Wall
distinguishes rightly between the O.N. and the Eng. use of the
word _fare_. This Scand. use of the word is confined to Norway
and Iceland, and is, at any rate in the later period, more
characteristic of Icelandic than Norse. Cp. a similar use of
the word _sitta_, in Norse, to look well, said of clothes that
look well on a person. Not quite the same.
GAWKY, _adj._ foolish. Burns, 78, 60. From _gowk_. Cp. _gawkish_.
GEDDE, _sb._ a pike (fish). Bruce, II, 576; Sat. P. I, 53, 9. O.N.
_gedda_, the pike, Dan. _gjedde_, Sw. _gaedda_. Not in M.E.,
except in Sco. works, and does not seem to exist in Eng.
diall.
GEMSAL, YEMSEILL, YHEMSALE, _sb._ concealment, secrecy. Bruce, XX,
231; Wyntoun, VIII, 19, 206; VIII, 36, 84. O.N. _goeymsla_,
O. Ic. _geymsla_, Norse _goymsla_, _goymsel_, concealment.
Dano-Norse _gjemsel_. The ending _sal_ is distinctively Scand.
Cp. _traengsel_, misery; _laengsel_, longing; _horsel_, hearing;
_pinsel_, torture; _trudsel_, threat; _opforsel_, conduct;
Sco. _tynsell, hansell_, etc.
GEN[*G]ELD, _sb._ reward, recompense. Douglas, II, 100, 12; II,
111, 17; Scott, 59, 62. O.N. _gegn-gjald_, reward, O. Dan.
_gengaeld_, _giengiald_ id., _giengielde_, to reward, Norse
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