|
|
etc.).
=6= 19 =caza mayor y menor=: 'hunting of large and small game.'
=6= 20 =todo lo había=: 'there was everything.' Cf. n. on p. 32, l. 17.
=6= 23 =con=: 'by.' R. 1439, _c_; K. 642.
=6= 28 =norias=: rude wheels with earthen jars =(cangilones)= bound to
the rim to dip up water for irrigation; turned by a toothed wheel and
beam driven by a mule or donkey. Derived originally from the Arabs, this
poor apparatus is still common all over Spain.
=6= 32 =garbanzo=: the chick-pea, a small-leaved bushy plant bearing in
each pod two large wrinkled peas, is an important crop from Spain to
India, and especially famous as the national bean of Spain.--=de lo que
no hay=: 'not to be matched.'
=6= 34 =cuarto=: small Spanish coin of the olden time, equivalent to
four maravedis, or one thirty-fourth of a peseta (20 cents). Now
mentioned only as the smallest conceivable sum of money; not in actual
circulation.
=7= 5 =me los van cercenando=: 'keep shearing them off [for me].' So the
earlier Madrid editions; cf. p. 65, l. 21. Later editions have =va=, as
if the plough were subject.--=me=: R. 323; K. 193.
=7= 6 =mojones, ni linderos=: properties, especially large properties,
are often not fenced in Spain, and ownership is determined by means of
posts, piles of stones, and other traditional landmarks.
=7= 13 =roe que roe=: C. 233, _b_.--=fanegadas=: antiquated measure
supposed to be land enough for a fanega of seed. In Castile =fanega= =
1.575 bushels, =fanegada= = 1.6 acres; in other provinces otherwise.
=7= 14 =escuela=: i.e. =de filosofía=.
=7= 16 =quien las sabe las tañe=: 'he who knows 'em, plays 'em.' =Las=
is often used idiomatically for those things in general suggested by the
phrase in which it stands (e.g. =las de Pepe=, 'Joe's tricks,' 'Joe's
ways,' cf. K. 267, _a_; C. 201); here for tunes, instruments, tricks, or
the like.
=7= 19 =ver=: depends on =puede= above.--=de=: 'about.'
=7= 21 =no sea=: 'may not be'; subjunctive in independent clauses with
adverbs of doubt (C. 213, 1); so with =tal vez=, p. 68, l. 8.
=8= 16 =desde más alto=: 'from a higher position.'
=8= 20 =que se pone al sol=: 'sunning himself.'
=8= 24 =picará=: 'will bite' (primarily said of mustard etc.).
=9= 9 =serán=: R. 1195; K. 703, _c_; C. 266.
=9= 26 =unas=: R. 641; K. 344, _b_; C. 179, 3.
=9= 29 =Guardia civil=: 'the Civil Guard,' a select body of Spanish
police, armed and disciplined like soldiers, whose particular business
is guarding highways and railroads. In pairs =(parejas)= these guards
patrol the roads and accompany all trains. Kept as isolated from the
community as possible and at a high point of efficiency, they are much
feared by the rabble. The cruelty of their treatment of prisoners
described a little further on accords with numerous actual occurrences
in Spain; and, as will be remembered by those who have paid attention to
the history of the foreign relations of the United States during the
early part of Wilson's administration, it is exactly the process by
which President Madero of Mexico met his death while under arrest on
Feb. 23, 1913.
=10= 2 =a aquel sitio=: dir. obj. R. 1318: K. 750, _c_.
=10= 5 =muertos=: R. 1143; K. 567.
=10= 27 =debía de ser=: R. 1005, 2, rem.; C., Appendix II, 7.
=10= 28 =coplas=: 'popular songs,' particularly the brief songs of a
single quatrain peculiar to Spain.
=11= 5 =retebién=: double intensive of =bien=. The ordinary intensive
prefix for adjectives and adverbs is =re-=(R. 596; K. 159); but in
popular speech this is often doubled, =rere-=, or takes the form =rete-=
(C. 146, 3, _a_).
=11= 8 =a lo mejor=: familiar phrase for the occurrence of an untoward
event at an unexpected moment (lit. when things are going as well as
possible). Cf. =el mejor día=, p. 163, l. 13.
=11= 10 =Se les lleva=: 'you're taking them.'
=11= 12 =que=: cf. n. on p. 49, l. 17.
=11= 13 =sumaria=: 'indictment.'--=requeridos=: 'examined,' or possibly,
but less probably, 'summoned.'
=11= 17 =a más de largo=: 'besides being long.'
=11= 33 =Partenón=: the Parthenon, or temple of Athena Parthenos,
erected in Athens in the time of Pericles (5th cent. B.C.), had numerous
horses carved on its frieze and metopes.
=12= 5 =tomado la delantera=: 'got the start of.'--=se pone a ello=:
'set about it,' 'try.' R. 1360.
=12= 13 =por muchos años=: abbr. expression of courtesy, '[may you live]
for many years.'
=12= 23 =ha de ser=: R. 857; K. 353, _b_; C. 107, 3.
=12= 31 =Ahí donde le ve=: 'just as you see him there,' common
expression used to forestall surprise at a statement about to be made
concerning a person or thing.--=cacique=: 'local political leader,'
'boss.' The word is of Haitian Indian origin, meaning properly the head
of an Indian family or tribe.
=13= 1 =vuecencia=: contraction for =vuestra excelencia=.--=rétulo=:
vulg. for =rótulo=, 'address.'--=Tira a la barra=: 'he throws the bar'
(Spanish game, in which bars of iron of various shapes and sizes are
thrown so as to fall point downward).--=San Cristóbal=: a saint and
martyr of the third century, traditionally famous for his size and
strength.
=13= 3 =fielato=: 'inspectorship,' as of weights and measures; or, here,
of the goods and provisions brought into a place, upon which toll must
be paid (= Fr. _octroi_).
=13= 10 =Madriles=: provincial for =Madrileños=; used here for
=Madrid=.
=13= 15 =rematarlo él=: 'and he to execute it' (Eng. slang, 'put it
through'). The construction is peculiar and noteworthy in Spanish.
=13= 19 =andan diciendo=: R. 525; K. 734; C. 275.
=13= 20 =vuelve a haber=: R. 1187; K. 725, _a_; C. 107, 5.
=14 9 =!...=: the suspensive points represent the omitted object
(perhaps Cristo) of the preposition de. In other words, the
corresponding punctuation in English would be '--!' not'!--.' It is the
habit of Spanish printers not to discriminate = ...!= from =!...= but to
set always =!...= (this being the form that is oftener right than
wrong), so that the reader of Spanish literature must be always ready to
make this mental transposition, though the cases where the points are to
be read as they stand are still more numerous. The same applies to
=?...= also.
=14= 26 =en lo más alto=: 'at the highest point.'
=14= 32 =de hojalata=: because of the brightness of the water.
=15= 16 =depósito de caballos sementales=: 'government horse-breeding
station.'
=15= 26 =disgusto=: not 'disgust.'
=16= 4 =tocando=: 'skirting.'
=16= 10 =Justo y cabal=: 'exactly.'
=16= 31 =Penitenciario=: a priest nominated by a bishop to hear
confession, impose penance, and grant absolution in reserved cases,--a
canon penitentiary.
=17= 12 =de aquellos que no coge un galgo=: 'hard to catch,' 'elusive'
(lit. 'of those which a greyhound does not catch').
=17= 16 =hacer diabluras=: 'get into mischief.'
=17= 27 =si más=, etc.: 'had not death been quicker to carry him off
than he was to squander it' (his fortune).
=18= 21 =a flote=: a common colloquialism for having enough to pay
expenses.
=18= 28 =sepa=: for mood, cf. R. 910; K. 710; C. 109, 3.
=19= 5 =perogrulladas=: from the proverb "Las verdades de Perogrullo,
que a la mano cerrada llamaba puño."
=19= 8 =Montblanch=: a town seventeen miles northwest of Tarragona. The
=raya=, of course, is a railroad. It appears by the map that the two
places lack direct connection, the railroad trip from the one to the
other being a roundabout one through Reus.
=19= 9 =el río Francolí=: a small river that falls into the
Mediterranean about one mile southwest of Tarragona.
=19= 21 =e=: R. 72; K. 653; C. 232, I.
=19= 28 =físico=: agrees with =cultura= (fem.) =y bienestar= (masc.).
=21= 15 =_ergo tua rura manebunt_=: Vergil, _Ecl._ I, 47.
=21= 26 =bajo el punto de vista minero=: 'from the mining point of
view.'
=21= 28 =dió lugar=: 'gave rise'; cf. the English idiom 'take place.'
=21= 30 =noviazgo=: R., p. 498.
=22= 25 =mistificaciones=: Madrid edition =mixtificaciones=; a common
misprint, since Spaniards pronounce =xt= as =st= (C. 5).
=22= 27 =gongorismo=: 'Gongorism,' a literary style, so called from the
Spanish writer Luis de Góngora y Argote (1561-1627). This style, which
is similar in many ways to the affected manner called in England
Euphuism, and in France and Italy Marinism, was distinguished by its
elaborate and artificial expression of ideas, and by its frequent
substitution of mere play upon words for solid thought.
=23= 16 =las herraduras=: 'the horses' shoes.'
=24= 7 =cuya=: 'which,' or 'the which.' This use of =cuyo= for =el cual=
is pronounced improper by the best grammarians (e.g. Andrés Bello,
_Gramática Castellana_, ed. Cuervo, section 1050). It is said to be of
notarial origin. Many excellent writers, however, employ it, and it is
very common in conversation.
=24= 30 =_saudades_=: almost untranslatable Portuguese word, derived
from the Latin _solitas_, 'loneliness.' It has come in Portuguese to
mean the melancholy that arises from introspection and the vague
yearnings of unsatisfied sentiment. The German _Weltschmerz_ expresses a
somewhat similar idea.
=24= 33 =Enriqueta, Julia=: conventional names of heroines of novels.
Not Spanish in tone. By comparing a list of eminent men in Spain with a
similar list in the United States it will be seen that saints of the
Church furnish about two thirds of the Christian names in Spain, about
one third here; for women's names the contrast is still greater. Many
Spanish women's names that do not look like saints' names are attributes
of the Virgin; e.g. Rosario for Our Lady of the Rosary.
=25= 12 =allí=: 'at that point.'
=25= 18 =Estarás=: R. 1195; K. 703, _c_; C. 266.
=26= 6 =un mueble de latón dorado=: i.e. a cuspidor.
=26= 11 =correr el transparente=: 'draw the shade.' For trans. use of
=correr= cf. R. 265.
=26= 19 =testero=: 'façade' of a building; 'wall,' or 'side,' of a room.
=27= 12 =Más días hay que longanizas=: 'there are more days than
sausages'; i.e., time is a plentiful commodity.
=27= 21 =Déle usted expresiones=: 'remember me to him.' Cf. R.,
Appendix, pp. 610 ff.
=27= 25 =Abur=: 'good-bye' (colloq. for =agur=, from Lat. _augurium_,
through a Low Latin form _agurium_; K. 60, footnote). Not discourteous,
but more offhand in tone than the =adiós= of p. 28, l. 5.
=27= 32 =lo tuyo=: 'what is yours,' 'your business.'
=27= 34 =Hombre=: cf. n. on p. 5, l. 33.
=28= 2 =Del lobo=, etc.: 'one hair of the wolf, and that from his
forehead' (is sufficient). Proverb signifying that in dealing with what
is bad, the less you get of it, the better for you.
=29= 1 =la emprendió con=: 'fell to upon.' For use of =la= cf. n. on p.
7, l. 16.
=29= 21 =No hay que hablarme=: R. 867; K. 353, _c_; C. 107, 2.
=30= 12 =cartoncejo=: the ending =-cejo= is unusual and contrary to the
ruling of the Academy (of which Galdós is a member); the Academy's rule
is that =-ito,-illo,-ico,-uelo=, usually become =-cito= etc. when
affixed to a word ending with =n=, but that of =-ajo,-ejo,-ijo=, only
=-ajo= allows euphonic letters to be prefixed to it, and that without
set rule.
=30= 34 =ristras=: the noun 'trace,' the exact equivalent of =ristra=,
is not in English dictionaries; but see the verb in Webster, and the
noun in the list of prizes of the Vermont State Fair, 1910. 'Rope' is a
better-known word for the same thing.
=31= 3 =la Corte=: 'the Capital,' Madrid.
=31= 7 =de bancos=: the list ends abruptly with a pun on =saltabanco=,
'mountebank,' 'street quack.' A translator, instead of giving =saltos de
aguas= its proper force of 'water powers,' will do well to represent it
by something useful that puns with a proverbial swindle; e.g., say
'fire-bricks, gold bricks.'
=31= 16 =a uno=: dir. obj. of =tenemos=.
=31= 23 =Nada=: 'enough said.' =Nada= is colloquially very common as a
pure interjection.
=31= 34 =cuyas ... descoloridos=: each adjective agrees in gender with
the nearer of the modified nouns.
=32= 4 =al descubierto=: 'uncovered,' 'unprotected.'
=32= 10 =_Ferdinand Cortez, Donna Marine_=: italicized as being the
French forms of the names =Hernán Cortés= (the conqueror of Mexico) and
=Doña Marina= (the Mexican girl who was his companion and interpreter).
=32= 17 =observándolo todo=: when =todo=, neuter, is object of a verb,
the use of =lo= is exactly opposite to that of English 'it'; that is, if
=todo= refers to an identifiable antecedent, thus meaning 'it all,' =lo=
is omitted (e.g. p. 3, l. 16), but if =todo= means simply 'everything,'
without an 'it,' then =lo= must be inserted (e.g. p. 112, l. 2). But
when =todo= is not object of a verb (e.g. p. 6, l. 3) no such rule
holds. C. 203, 2, _a_.
=32= 21 =empaque=: word used familiarly to indicate the traits of a
person that produce an impression at first sight, whether good or bad.
=32= 24 =tiran a=: 'verge upon.'
=33= 2 =debía de ser=: R. 1005, 2, rem.
=33= 10 =_buquinista_=: italicized as not Spanish but Hispanicized
French. _Bouquiniste_ is properly 'second-hand bookseller,' but the
meaning here may be 'book-collector.' A _bouquin_ is a conspicuously old
book.
=34= 5 =merienda=: 'picnic.'
=34= 22 =Mientras más, mejor=: 'the longer the better.'
=34= 34 =acompañará usted=, etc.: i.e. by eating our Lenten fare.
=35= 12 =López de Berganza=: this name, like many others of authors and
books in the remainder of the story, is purely imaginary.
=35= 15 =tenga=: cf. R. 914 and n. on p. 7, l. 21.
=35= 16 =de hierro=: probably corrugated iron, which was one of the
world's recent and valued inventions about the time when _Doña Perfecta_
was written.
=35= 25 =la octava=: i.e. one in addition to the traditional seven.
=35= 26 =en buen hora=: originally this meant 'at an auspicious time.'
It is now a colloquial, often ironical, phrase of acquiescence or
approval.
=36= 3 =donde quiera=: cf. R. 896; K. 326; C. 197.
=36= 19 =_maria ac terras, caelumque profundum_=: Vergil (_Aen._ I, 58
f.) says that if Aeolus did not hold the winds in control, they
_Maria ac terras caelumque profundum
Quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras_.
=36= 23 =gusanera=: strictly defined as a place where worms breed;
apparently meant here as a mass of worms, with reference to the look of
the surface of the brain, and doubtless with a pun on the colloquial use
of =gusanera= for that reservoir of "maggots" (crotchets) whose contents
come out when you touch upon a man's hobby.
=36= 24 =daba paso a=: 'sent down.'
=37= 14 =martillazos=: for force of termination =-azo= cf. R. 1273 (p.
499); K. 765, _b_, rem.; C. 132, 4, _b_. Cf. n. on p. 90, l. 29.
=37= 30 =cazadora traviesa=: like Diana.
=37= 31 =cochero emperegilado y vagabundo=: like Phaëthon.
=37= 34 =Mercurio=: the god of commerce.--=Manzanedo=: the firm of
Manzanedo is a leading Madrid banking house.
=38= 1 =barbilampiño=: Spaniards regard abundance of hair as an evidence
of force. The allusion is to the well-known frail look of Count von
Moltke.
=38= 6 =a la electricidad le da la gana=: 'electricity takes the
notion.' The subject of =da= is =gana=; cf. the plural form p. 82, l.
11. This construction of =dar= is most common in expressions of desire,
whim, etc., with words like =gusto, ventolera=, and the like. The
Spanish Academy says that =da la gana= is an uncultured colloquialism,
but does not object to this use of =dar= with other words.
=38= 8 =los de Paris=: the Champs-Élysées, the central garden of Paris,
is one of the most famous public squares in the world.
=38= 13 =pisos=: lit. 'stories,' meaning the celestial spheres, whose
number Dante, however, makes nine.
=38= 14 =sino=: i.e. =nada sino, cosa sino=. R. 739; C. 232, 4.
=38= 20 =está de cuerpo presente=: 'is laid out for its funeral.'
=38= 28 =se han corrido=: 'have been issued'.
=39= 7 =sulfurar=: colloq. expression, equivalent to Eng. 'get a rise
out of.'
=40= 1 =todo se acabó=: 'it's all over,' 'that's an end of it.'
Noteworthy as an idiom is the use of the past absolute of =acabar=, and
occasionally other verbs of ending or stopping, where the perfect would
be expected according to ordinary tense usage.
=40= 7 =salimos con=: see =salir con= in vocabulary.
=40= 13 =no podía menos de=: R. 1033; K. 619; C. 291.
=40= 18 =al Ateneo=: 'to the Athenaeum,' a literary and scientific club
in Madrid, established in 1835, which has been for many years the
meeting-place of Spanish liberals and freethinkers. It is looked upon
with great suspicion by the clerical party.
=40= 30 =haciéndose la mosquita muerta=: 'playing possum,' 'lying low'
(colloq.), feigning insignificance and biding his time.
=40= 31 =los siete doctores=: as the mediaeval church had its seven
sacraments, its seven cardinal virtues, its seven deadly sins, its seven
sages of antiquity, etc., so it had its seven doctors, or divinely
appointed teachers of the faith. The list of these last was a very
variable one.
=40= 34 =Si=: the conditional =si= is idiomatically used to give point
or emphasis to an affirmation, much like the English colloquial _why_.
R. 1423; K. 601; C. 214, 4. Similarly on p. 43, l. 15. This usage must
be distinguished carefully from the similar use of the affirmative
particle =sí=, marking a real or implied antithesis.
=41= 9 =ante=: R. 191; K. 632; C. 222.
=41= 13 =diera=: really plup. ind., not imperf. subj. As is well known,
the forms in =-ara,-iera=, came from the Latin plup. ind. (Span. =amara=
= Lat. _amaveram, amaram_), and in older Spanish retained in most cases
their original force; but they were confused with the Latin imperf.
subj. in _-rem_, and gradually the subjunctive use supplanted the
indicative. The latter, however, survives in relative clauses in formal
or elevated discourse, and still more in colloquial idiom. Galdós uses
it more than do most modern authors. Cf. R. 1202; K. 702; C. 280.
=41= 22 =hieráticos=: a form of ancient Egyptian writing intermediate
between hieroglyphic and demotic.
=42= 34 =tomar el arado=: 'take the plough-handle.'--=sentarse al
telar=: 'sit down at the workbench' (lit. 'loom').
=43= 9 =recién=: the adv. =recientemente=, when it immediately precedes
a past participle used adjectively, assumes this abbreviated form. R.
1405; K. 600; C. 211, 2.
=43= 20 =a macha martillo=: 'solidly' (though not elegantly). Colloquial
for that which is vigorously hammered together, though not a finely
finished piece of work.
=44= 2 =vió ... el cielo abierto=: this phrase (from the New Testament)
regularly means 'get an opportunity,' but here rather 'feel a great
deliverance.'
=44= 28 =Toditos los días=: 'every single day.' Bello says that
=todito=, =nadita=, are "notable" in that the diminutive form does not
at all alter the meaning of =todo, nada=, but merely makes them
colloquial.
=45= 2 =tresillo=: a game of cards similar to ombre.
=45= 8 =pobre=: unaccented in translation, since it precedes the noun.
Hence omit the comma in translation.
=45= 10 =borla de doctor=: 'doctor's tassel,' the most conspicuous
ornament of the gown worn by successful candidates for the degree of
doctor at the Spanish universities.
=45= 11 =sacó nota de sobresaliente=: 'obtained the mark _excellent_ [or
_distinguished_].'
=46= 3 =unas maneras ... un modo ... una figura=: we have here a use of
=uno= not noted in the grammars, yet common to all the Romance
languages. It is often marked in conversation by a slight stress upon
the word; while in sense it at times merely indicates something
noteworthy or distinctive in the noun, at other times it approaches
closely the English 'such' in phrases like 'such a sight!'=--figura=:
'style.'
=46= 19 =entre tú y yo=: owing to its implication of reciprocal action,
the preposition =entre= when used with two pronominal objects inclines
to take the nominative instead of the terminal forms after it. This
usage probably arose from cases in which the form of the first object is
apparently nominative (though really terminal), such as =entre él y
yo= or =entre mi padre y yo= (cf. R. 338), but has now extended itself
to all cases.
=46= 32 =sí que=: cf. n. on p. 40, l. 34. Also R. 1408; C. 214, 2.
=47= 11 =os estáis=: R. 807.
=48= 5 =inmigración fenicia=: the Phoenician settlements in Spain in
prehistoric times have long been a favorite subject for the speculations
of Spanish antiquaries.
=48= 27 =los hombres de chispa=: 'you clever men.' For use of =los= cf.
R. 324, 325; K. 189.
=49= 17 =ya viene, ya está cerca=; que te quemas: phrases used in the
game of blindman's buff to indicate to the player that is blindfolded
his approach to the right person or place. For elliptical use of =que=
cf. R. 1421; C. 214, 3.
=50= 5 =Te quiero=: 'I have loved you.'
=50= 18 =de picotazos=: this instrumental use of =de= with the verb
=dar= is colloquially common.
=51= 1 =no podía menos de=: R. 1033; K. 619; C. 291.
=51= 9 =No es=, etc.: the advice is bad; Pepe is not speaking for the
garden's sake.
=51= 17 =_Insere nunc_=, etc.: Vergil, _Ecl._ I, 73. It is to be noted
that the good priest's translation of _pone ordine_ (=arregla=, 'set in
order,' 'attend to') is not very accurate. The phrase means, of course,
'plant in rows.'
=52= 9 =al crecer=: 'as it grew.'
=52= 11 =pero=: 'an out;' the conjunction 'but,' used substantively.
=52= 31 =Concilio de Trento=: this council of the Church (1545-1563)
reasserted most positively the principle of the celibacy of the clergy.
=53= 32 =_Nec vero terrae_=, etc.: Vergil, _Georg._ II, 109.
=54= 3 =_Ille horridus alter_=, etc.: Vergil, _Georg._ IV, 93-94.
=54= 17 =le ha dado por=: 'the whim has taken him.' Cf. n. on p. 38, l.
6.
=54= 19 =Flammarión=: French popular writer on astronomy, Camille
Flammarion.
=55= 9 =no debe sentirse=: 'it cannot be taken ill.'
=55= 11 =Bismarck=: in 1876, when _Doña Perfecta_ was published,
Bismarck was just coming to the end of the so-called _Kulturkampf_, the
struggle with the Church in which he imprisoned bishops, closed
churches, and took other extreme measures to browbeat the Catholics into
submission. Hence the priest's feeling toward him.
=55= 21 =Bufos=: name of an objectionable variety show in Madrid just
then. It was suppressed a little later.
=56= 1 =mereceré=: R. 1195; K.703,_c_; C. 266.
=56= 19 =Si=: cf. n. on p. 40, l. 34.
=57= 16 =Adelantado=: in ancient times a high official of the realm, who
acted as governor of a frontier province, president or lord high justice
of part of the kingdom, and the like. In this case, some local celebrity
of this rank who happened to be buried in the cathedral.
=58= 4 =disgusto=: not 'disgust.'
=58= 8 =a ello=: R. 1360.
=59= 22 =Ténganme=: sc. =ustedes=.
=60= 4 =_Est Deus in nobis_=: Ovid (_A.A._ III, 549; _Fasti_ VI, 5) thus
describes the inspired poet. The Renaissance was fond of the quotation.
The capital D is doubtless meant to indicate the priest's monotheistic
application of the words; yet many old editions of the Latin classics
capitalize _Deus_ even when referring to heathen gods.
=60= 16 =ábside, coro= ('choir'): parts of the cathedral.
=60= 32 =quincallería=: properly a shop or stall for the sale of
=quincalla=, which the Academy defines as "metal articles, mainly cheap,
as scissors, thimbles, imitation jewelry."
=61= 11 =iconoclastas=: "a breaker or destroyer of images; a person
conspicuously hostile to the use of images in Christian worship," says
the Century Dictionary. Jacintito uses the word in the latter sense,
which is the theological and dictionary definition in Spain; Pepe in the
former, the etymological and international sense.
=61= 29 =qué=: 'how far.'
=61= 32 =_La Traviata_=: opera by Verdi.
=62= 2 =_La Gran Duquesa_=: the comic opera _La Grande Duchesse_, by
Offenbach.
=62= 34 =de=: 'to.'
=63= 27 =zarzuela=: light dramatic performance peculiar to Spain, partly
recited and partly sung.
=64= 1 =Si no=: elliptical expression very common in colloquial Spanish,
'otherwise,' 'if you don't think so.'
=64= 20 =alguno=: i.e. =negocio=.
=64= 23 =papel sellado=: legal documents are required to bear a revenue
stamp.
=65= 10 =tejares=: 'brickyards,' where tiles (=tejas=), sun-dried bricks
(=adobes=), and burnt bricks (=ladrillos=) are made.
=65= 16 =superior=: i.e. higher up the stream.
=65= 23 =linderos=: cf. n. on p. 7, l. 6.
=66= 1 =Caco=: 'Cacus,' robber giant, son of Vulcan, who lived in a cave
of the Aventine Hill, and who was killed by Hercules for stealing from
him the oxen of Geryon (cf. Vergil, _Aen._ VIII, 193 ff.).
=66= 5 =prescripción=: by Justinian's code, twenty years' adverse
possession of an absent person's real estate makes the occupant the
owner.
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